Which of the following are signs and symptoms of placenta abruption? (Select all that apply))

Choice A rationale

Fever, tachycardia, abdominal pain, and purulent discharge are classic signs of endometritis, which is a postpartum infection of the uterine lining, indicating an inflammatory response to bacterial invasion.

Choice B rationale

Hypertension, headache, blurry vision, and chest pain are symptoms more indicative of preeclampsia or hypertensive disorders, not endometritis, which primarily affects the reproductive system.

Choice C rationale

Hyperglycemia, dehydration, and frequent urination are indicative of diabetes mellitus, particularly in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, not associated with postpartum uterine infections.

Choice D rationale

Hypothermia, bradycardia, and jaundice suggest liver dysfunction or severe infections leading to sepsis, but these are not primary manifestations of endometritis which involves local uterine infection.

Choice A rationale

Waiting for the next contraction is inappropriate in shoulder dystocia, where immediate action is required to prevent fetal hypoxia. Delaying intervention can lead to serious complications for the newborn.

Choice B rationale

The McRoberts maneuver, involving hyperflexion of the mother's legs, widens the pelvis, facilitating shoulder delivery in cases of shoulder dystocia. This technique reduces shoulder impaction effectively.

Choice C rationale

Applying fundal pressure is contraindicated in shoulder dystocia as it may worsen the impaction by compressing the fetal shoulders against the maternal pelvis, increasing the risk of injury.

Choice D rationale

Vacuum extraction is not recommended for shoulder dystocia management. This obstetric emergency requires specific maneuvers, like the McRoberts maneuver, to relieve the impacted shoulder.