Which of the following is a risk factor for cervical insufficiency?

Choice A rationale

Biologically, women are more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to anatomical differences, such as a larger mucosal surface area, making this statement incorrect.

Choice B rationale

Many STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can be asymptomatic. This means a person can have an STI without showing signs or symptoms, making routine screening important.

Choice C rationale

Not all STIs are curable. While bacterial STIs like syphilis and gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics, viral STIs like herpes and HIV can only be managed, not cured.

Choice D rationale

Condoms significantly reduce the risk of acquiring STIs but do not eliminate it entirely. They protect against fluid transmission but not necessarily from skin-to-skin contact infections like HPV.

Choice A rationale

Delusions indicate severe psychiatric conditions like postpartum psychosis, not depression. Depression involves low mood, energy, and interest, without detachment from reality. Delusions reflect loss of reality testing, requiring different interventions. Common in severe psychoses like schizophrenia.

Choice B rationale

Euphoria indicates abnormally elevated mood, seen in manic episodes of bipolar disorder, not depression. Depression involves sadness, hopelessness, and low energy. Euphoria's excessive positivity contrasts with depressive symptoms, including impaired functioning and behavior regulation.

Choice C rationale

Flat affect signifies reduced emotional expression, common in depression. Depressed individuals exhibit lack of response to pleasurable activities, social withdrawal, and emotional blunting. This impairment in emotional expressiveness reflects major depressive disorder.

Choice D rationale

Insomnia, common in depression, affects sleep patterns, causing difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. It contributes to fatigue, cognitive impairment, and mood disturbances. Insomnia reflects dysregulated sleep-wake cycles in depression, impacting daily functioning.

Choice E rationale

Fatigue is frequent in depression, marked by persistent tiredness despite rest. It stems from sleep disturbances, low energy, and anhedonia. Fatigue affects concentration, motivation, and physical activity, manifesting as psychomotor retardation in depression.