A client is scheduled for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty to treat mitral stenosis. When explaining the advantage of valvuloplasty instead of valve replacement to the client, which information will the nurse include?

Ongoing cardiac care by a health care provider is unnecessary after valvuloplasty

Lifelong anticoagulant therapy is needed after mechanical valve replacement

Biologic replacement valves require the use of immunosuppressive drugs

Mechanical mitral valves require replacement approximately every 5-years

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Ongoing cardiac care is still necessary after valvuloplasty to monitor valve function and complications.
B. Mechanical valve replacements require lifelong anticoagulant therapy to prevent thromboembolism, which is an important consideration when comparing with valvuloplasty.
C. Biologic valves do not require immunosuppressive drugs because they are derived from animal tissue.
D. Mechanical valves are durable and often last longer than 5 years, usually 10-20 years or more before replacement might be needed.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Epinephrine – Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock. It rapidly reverses airway constriction, hypotension, and swelling by stimulating alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, and increased cardiac output.
B. Dobutamine – Dobutamine is a positive inotrope used to treat cardiogenic shock and may support cardiac output, but it does not address the airway or allergic component of anaphylaxis.
C. Methylprednisolone – This corticosteroid may be given to reduce inflammation and prevent delayed reactions, but it has a slower onset of action and is not the priority in emergency management.
D. Furosemide – This diuretic is used in fluid overload or pulmonary edema, not in the management of anaphylaxis.

A. Sinus bradycardia B. First degree heart block C. Normal sinus rhythm D. Sick sinus syndrome

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Sinus bradycardia is characterized by a heart rate less than 60 beats/min, but in this case the rate is exactly 60, which is normal lower limit.
B. First degree heart block involves a prolonged PR interval (>0.20 seconds); here, the PR interval is normal (0.16 seconds).
C. Normal sinus rhythm has regular P waves and QRS complexes, a normal PR interval (0.12–0.20 seconds), and a heart rate between 60–100 beats/min.
D. Sick sinus syndrome is characterized by irregular rhythms and abnormal sinus node function, which is not indicated here.

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A client is scheduled for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty to treat mitral stenosis. When explaining the advantage of valvuloplasty instead of valve replacement to the client, which information will the nurse include?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is has developed anaphylactic shock in response to the ingestion of strawberries. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing an ECG rhythm strip. The P waves and QRS complexes are regular. The PR interval is 0.16 second. The overall heart rate is 60 beats/min. The nurse assesses the cardiac rhythm as:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client on a cardiac monitor and whose rhythm suddenly changes. There are no P waves; instead she observes wavy lines. The QRS complexes measure 0.08 second and are irregular. The client's heart rate is 120 beats/minute. The nurse interprets that this rhythm is:

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