A client presents with joint pain, tenderness, and swelling in the hands and knees. The healthcare provider notes the presence of Heberden's nodes on physical examination. Which of the following clinical manifestations is most consistent with these findings?
Joint pain that worsens with rest
Joint pain that improves with activity
Bony enlargements at the distal interphalangeal joints
Warm and erythematous joints
The Correct Answer is C
The presence of Heberden's nodes, which are bony enlargements at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, is a characteristic clinical manifestation of osteoarthritis. These nodes are a result of cartilage degeneration in the affected joints.
a. Joint pain that worsens with rest is more indicative of inflammatory arthritis conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoarthritis.
b. Joint pain that improves with activity is not typical of osteoarthritis, which tends to worsen with weight-bearing activities.
d. Warm and erythematous joints are signs of inflammation and are more commonly seen in inflammatory arthritis conditions, not osteoarthritis.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Assisting the client with range-of-motion exercises regularly is an essential nursing intervention to promote joint mobility and reduce stiffness in individuals with osteoarthritis. These exercises help maintain joint flexibility and prevent further joint contractures. Encouraging the client to avoid physical activity can lead to joint stiffness and worsen the symptoms of osteoarthritis. Applying cold packs can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation, but it is not a primary intervention to promote joint mobility. Administering muscle relaxants may not be the best approach to address joint stiffness in osteoarthritis.
a. Encouraging the client to avoid physical activity is not recommended. Regular low-impact exercises, such as swimming or walking, are beneficial for joint health and mobility in clients with osteoarthritis.
b. Applying cold packs can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation but is not a primary intervention for promoting joint mobility in osteoarthritis.
d. Administering muscle relaxants may not be the best approach for addressing joint stiffness in osteoarthritis. Range-of-motion exercises and physical therapy are more effective interventions for improving joint mobility.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Osteoarthritis is characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage and changes in the underlying bone. It primarily affects the joint structures, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of joint function.
a. The synovial membrane and tendons are involved in other joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and tendinitis, not osteoarthritis.
c. Ligaments and bursae are important for joint stability and movement, but they are not primarily affected in osteoarthritis.
d. Muscles and nerves can be affected indirectly due to joint changes in osteoarthritis, but they are not the primary structures involved in the disease process.
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