Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
In type 1 diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin.
Type 1 diabetes is primarily caused by lifestyle factors such as obesity and sedentary behavior.
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces insufficient amounts of insulin or no insulin at all.
Type 1 diabetes typically develops in adulthood and is often associated with insulin resistance.
The Correct Answer is C
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to a lack of insulin production. This results in an absolute insulin deficiency and requires external insulin administration.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Insulin resistance is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes, not type 1.
b. This choice is incorrect. Type 1 diabetes is not primarily caused by lifestyle factors; it has an autoimmune etiology.
d. This choice is incorrect. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or adolescence, not adulthood, and is not associated with insulin resistance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A fasting blood glucose level of 100 to 125 mg/dL is considered indicative of prediabetes, which is a condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. A fasting blood glucose level of 70 mg/dL is within the normal range.
c. This choice is incorrect. A random blood glucose level of 150 mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia, but it is not indicative of prediabetes.
d. This choice is incorrect. An hemoglobin A1c level of 6.5% or higher is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus, not prediabetes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure. Prolonged high blood glucose levels damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.
c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.
d. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that affects the blood vessels of the retina and can lead to vision loss.
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