A client who following prescribed multiple medications for recurring urinary tract infections tells the nurse that her urine has turned red-orange. Which of the following prescribed medications does the nurse suspect is responsible for this change?

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

Sulfamethoxzole-trimethoprim (SMX TMP) Bactrim)

This is expected with a UTI not related to medications.

Phenazopryidine (Pyridium)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid): While nitrofurantoin is commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs), it does not typically cause a red-orange discoloration of the urine. Nitrofurantoin may cause other side effects, such as gastrointestinal upset or pulmonary issues, but urine discoloration is not a common or expected side effect.

B) Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX TMP, Bactrim): Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is another common medication for UTIs, but it does not cause urine to turn red-orange. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions, rash, or gastrointestinal side effects, but urine discoloration is not typically associated with this medication.

C) This is expected with a UTI not related to medications: While it’s true that UTIs can cause changes in urine color due to blood or infection, the red-orange discoloration specifically linked to a UTI is often caused by medications, not the infection itself. Therefore, this statement is not accurate in explaining the cause of the urine color change.

D) Phenazopyridine (Pyridium): This is the correct answer. Phenazopyridine is a medication commonly used to alleviate urinary tract pain and discomfort. One of its well-known side effects is causing urine to turn a red-orange color. This discoloration is harmless and typically resolves once the medication is discontinued. However, patients should be informed about this effect to avoid unnecessary concern.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) "If I develop a fever, I will tell my doctor at the next scheduled office appointment."
. Clients with HIV should not wait for their next scheduled appointment to report any signs of infection or complications. Fever, as well as other symptoms such as cough, fatigue, or skin rashes, may indicate a potential infection or opportunistic infection that requires immediate medical attention. Early intervention can prevent complications. Therefore, the nurse should emphasize the importance of reporting any symptoms of illness immediately to the healthcare provider.

B) "I will avoid hugging my family, so that I don't give them the virus."
. HIV is not transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing meals. HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk, and through needle sharing or sexual contact. It is important for patients with HIV to understand that they can continue to engage in normal daily activities and maintain close relationships with family members and friends without the fear of spreading HIV through non-bodily fluid contact.

C) "I can still have my favorite sushi occasionally as long as I wear a mask to the restaurant."
. The need to wear a mask to prevent HIV transmission is a misconception. HIV is not transmitted through food, air, or casual social interactions. The concern regarding eating sushi comes from the risk of foodborne illness, particularly for individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV. Raw or undercooked food (like sushi) can expose individuals to bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, which are more harmful to immunocompromised clients. Safe food handling practices and avoiding raw or undercooked foods are more important than wearing a mask.

D) "I will need to take the medications even when the virus is well-controlled."
. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for people living with HIV, even when the virus is well-controlled and their viral load is undetectable. Stopping or interrupting ART can lead to drug resistance and a return of the virus. Consistent medication use is the key to preventing the progression of HIV, reducing viral transmission, and maintaining long-term health. The patient should be educated about the importance of taking ART as prescribed for life, even when feeling well, to keep the virus suppressed and prevent complications

A. Midazolam B. Atenolol C. Dantrolene D. Alteplase

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine commonly used for the emergency treatment of seizures, including tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. It works by enhancing GABA activity in the brain, helping to stop seizure activity quickly. It can be administered intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), or intranasally in emergencies.

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A client who following prescribed multiple medications for recurring urinary tract infections tells the nurse that her urine has turned red-orange. Which of the following prescribed medications does the nurse suspect is responsible for this change?

Nursing Test Bank

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