A four-year-old patient has been diagnosed with leukemia. The patient's parents, who follow the Jehovah's Witness faith, inform the physician that they will not approve any type of blood transfusions. The pediatric nurse is aware that:

The patient can only receive blood that has been donated by family members.

Under no circumstances will the patient receive blood products.

In an emergency, a court order can be obtained for the patient to receive blood transfusions.

The patient can receive volume expanders.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The correct answer is: c. In an emergency, a court order can be obtained for the patient to receive blood transfusions.

Choice A: The patient can only receive blood that has been donated by family members.

Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, including those from family members, due to their religious beliefs. They believe that both the Old and New Testaments command them to abstain from blood (Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 17:10; Deuteronomy 12:23; Acts 15:28, 29). Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Choice B: Under no circumstances will the patient receive blood products.

While Jehovah’s Witnesses generally refuse blood transfusions, there are exceptional circumstances where medical professionals can seek a court order to administer blood transfusions, especially in life-threatening situations involving minors. Thus, this statement is not entirely accurate.

Choice C: In an emergency, a court order can be obtained for the patient to receive blood transfusions.

In life-threatening emergencies, especially involving minors, courts can intervene and issue orders to administer necessary medical treatments, including blood transfusions, despite parental objections based on religious beliefs. This ensures the child’s right to life and health is protected. Therefore, this is the correct answer.

Choice D: The patient can receive volume expanders.

Volume expanders can be used to increase blood volume and maintain circulation, but they do not carry oxygen or replace lost blood cells. While they are an option for managing blood loss, they are not a substitute for blood transfusions in severe cases of anemia or blood loss, which are common in leukemia patients. Thus, this option is not entirely correct.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Lifting and clearing drainage from the chest tube is not necessary unless there is a blockage, which is not indicated by the water level changes.
Choice B reason: Inspecting the tube insertion site for leaking is important but not related to the observation of water level changes in the water-seal chamber.
Choice C reason: This is the correct choice. The water level rising during inspiration and falling during expiration is a normal finding that indicates the chest tube is functioning properly.
Choice D reason: Auscultating lungs for unequal breath sounds is part of the assessment but does not address the observed water level changes in the water-seal chamber.

A. Bone healing is delayed compared to that of an adult. B. Growth in children occurs as a result of an increase in the number of muscle fibers. C. Children's bones have decreased density compared to an adult's bones. D. Children's bones have decreased blood flow compared to adults.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect; children's bones actually heal faster than those of adults due to a more robust blood supply and the presence of growth factors.

Choice B reason: Growth in children does not occur due to an increase in the number of muscle fibers; rather, it happens through the lengthening of existing fibers.

Choice C reason: Children's bones do have decreased density compared to adults, which is why they are more flexible and less likely to break.

Choice D reason: The statement about decreased blood flow in children's bones is incorrect; children typically have a higher blood flow in their bones, which contributes to their faster healing process.

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A four-year-old patient has been diagnosed with leukemia. The patient's parents, who follow the Jehovah's Witness faith, inform the physician that they will not approve any type of blood transfusions. The pediatric nurse is aware that:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which statement is accurate concerning a child's musculoskeletal system and how it differs from that of an adult?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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