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A gene is a segment of DNA that specifies a(n)

A.

rRNA only

B.

tRNA only

C.

mRNA and polypeptide only

D.

Any of the above

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. rRNA only: Some genes encode ribosomal RNA, but not all genes are limited to rRNA.

B. tRNA only: Some genes encode transfer RNA, but genes can encode other RNA types or proteins as well.

C. mRNA and polypeptide only: Some genes encode mRNA that is translated into polypeptides, but genes also encode functional RNAs that are not translated.

D. Any of the above: A gene can encode rRNA, tRNA, or mRNA (which may be translated into a polypeptide), so any of these products can be specified by different genes.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. It kills all microbes and endospores: Pasteurization does not eliminate all microbes or endospores; it reduces microbial load but is not a sterilization process.

B. It inactivates viruses: Pasteurization can reduce many viral pathogens present in milk, but the main purpose is to reduce bacterial pathogens and spoilage organisms.

C. It kills pathogenic microbes: Pasteurization is designed to inactivate or greatly reduce disease-causing bacteria (for example, Salmonella, Listeria, Mycobacterium) and extend shelf life.

D. It sterilizes the milk: Sterilization would remove all living organisms including endospores; standard pasteurization does not achieve sterilization.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Aerobe: An aerobe requires oxygen for growth or grows optimally in the presence of oxygen; this does not indicate tolerance for oxygen-free conditions.

B. Obligate aerobe: An obligate aerobe requires oxygen and cannot grow in oxygen-free environments.

C. Facultative anaerobe: A facultative anaerobe can grow in the presence of oxygen (using aerobic respiration) and also grow without oxygen (by fermentation or anaerobic respiration), making it able to exist in both conditions.

D. Microaerophile: A microaerophile requires oxygen at lower-than-atmospheric concentrations and generally does not grow in oxygen-free environments.

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