Some of the strongest opposition to the application of recombinant DNA technology concerns
DNA fingerprinting.
modification of food crops.
correcting gene defects in animals.
sequencing of the human genome.
The Correct Answer is B
A. DNA fingerprinting: DNA fingerprinting is mainly used for identification and forensics, and it generally faces minimal ethical opposition.
B. Modification of food crops: Genetic modification of crops raises public and ethical concerns related to environmental impact, safety, and food labeling.
C. Correcting gene defects in animals: Gene therapy in animals has fewer controversies than food crop modification, though it raises welfare concerns.
D. Sequencing of the human genome: Sequencing the human genome itself has faced limited ethical opposition; concerns are more focused on how the data are used, not the sequencing process.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Metabolism is the digestion of nutrients to release energy:
Digestion and energy release (catabolism) are parts of metabolism, but this statement omits the biosynthetic (anabolic) reactions that are also included.
B. Metabolism is the assembly of small molecules into macromolecules:
Assembly of small molecules (anabolism) is part of metabolism, but this statement excludes catabolic reactions that break down molecules.
C. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions of a cell (or organism), both anabolic and catabolic:
Metabolism encompasses both pathways that build molecules (anabolism) and pathways that break them down to release energy (catabolism), so this definition is comprehensive.
D. Metabolism is the production and expenditure of chemical energy:
Production and use of chemical energy are central aspects of metabolism but do not fully describe the wide variety of metabolic chemical transformations.
E. Metabolism is the assembly of macromolecules into cellular structures:
Assembly of macromolecules into structures (e.g., ribosomes, membranes) may occur, but metabolism more broadly includes many other chemical reactions beyond structural assembly.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Proteins are permanently denatured: Heat can denature proteins by disrupting noncovalent interactions; however, saying “permanently” is too absolute — some proteins may refold if conditions return to normal.
B. Membranes become too fluid for proper function: Elevated temperatures increase membrane fluidity (phospholipid tails become more disordered), impairing membrane integrity and function. This is true but incomplete alone.
C. Hydrogen bonds within molecules are broken: High temperature disrupts hydrogen bonds (and other weak interactions) that stabilize protein secondary/tertiary structure and nucleic acids; again this is true but incomplete by itself.
D. Hydrogen bonds are broken and proteins are permanently denatured: This combines two effects (bond disruption and denaturation). It’s closer, but “permanently” may be incorrect in some cases where refolding is possible — and it still omits membrane effects.
E. Hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid: High temperatures disrupt hydrogen bonding, cause protein denaturation, and increase membrane fluidity, all of which together explain why growth stops above the maximum growth temperature.
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