A gram negative organisms contain a thick peptidoglycan layer
True
False
The Correct Answer is B
Gram-negative organisms are characterized by a thin peptidoglycan layer located between the inner cytoplasmic membrane and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The thin peptidoglycan layer is insufficient to retain the crystal violet stain during Gram staining, which is why gram-negative bacteria appear pink after counterstaining with safranin. In contrast, gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains the crystal violet-iodine complex, appearing purple under a microscope. The thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane structure of gram-negative bacteria also contributes to their increased resistance to certain antibiotics compared to gram-positive organisms
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The COVID-19 virus, scientifically known as SARS-CoV-2, is an RNA virus, not a DNA virus. Its genetic material consists of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, which serves as a template for viral replication and protein synthesis inside host cells. RNA viruses generally have higher mutation rates than DNA viruses due to the lack of proofreading mechanisms during replication. Understanding the RNA-based genome of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for developing diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies. Classifying it correctly as an RNA virus also distinguishes it from DNA viruses, which replicate using DNA as their genetic material and follow different replication strategies.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. All cells arise from pre-existing cells: This principle, articulated by Rudolf Virchow, emphasizes that cellular reproduction occurs through division of existing cells. The existence of a syncytium does not contradict this principle because the multinucleated structure can arise from the fusion of multiple cells or nuclear division without cytokinesis.
B. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function: Classical cell theory defines the cell as an autonomous, discrete unit of life with its own cytoplasm and nucleus. In syncytial tissues, multiple nuclei share a common cytoplasm, blurring the boundaries of individual cellular units. This challenges the notion of cells as independent structural and functional entities.
C. All organisms are composed of one or more cells: Syncytial tissues still meet this principle because they are formed by cellular components and exist within multicellular organisms. The organism-level composition remains consistent with classical cell theory.
D. Cells contain hereditary information: The presence of multiple nuclei within a shared cytoplasm does not negate that nuclei house DNA or hereditary material. Each nucleus maintains genetic information, so this principle is upheld even in syncytial structures.
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