A home health nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will use a mirror to inspect my feet daily."
"I will eat a low residue diet."
"I will take my insulin 30 minutes before exercise."
"I will limit my fluid intake to 1 liter daily."
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. "I will use a mirror to inspect my feet daily." People with diabetes are at risk for nerve damage, which can lead to unnoticed foot injuries or infections. Using a mirror helps to inspect the feet daily and thoroughly, especially the soles, to prevent complications.
B. "I will eat a low residue diet." A low residue diet is not recommended for diabetes management. The focus for diabetic clients should be on balanced nutrition that controls blood glucose levels rather than restricting residue unless there are gastrointestinal issues.
C. "I will take my insulin 30 minutes before exercise." Taking insulin 30 minutes before exercise could increase the risk of hypoglycemia, especially if the exercise is vigorous. It is generally recommended to adjust insulin doses or carbohydrate intake depending on the type and intensity of the exercise, under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
D. "I will limit my fluid intake to 1 liter daily." Diabetes management does not involve limiting fluid intake unless there is a specific contraindication, such as kidney disease or heart failure. Adequate hydration is important for managing blood sugar levels and preventing dehydration.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. "I can have a total of 4 grams of sodium each day." For clients with heart failure, sodium intake is typically restricted to 2 grams per day to prevent fluid retention and exacerbation of symptoms. 4 grams per day exceeds the recommended.
B. "I will weigh myself at different times of the day to monitor fluid retention." The client should weigh themselves at the same time each day, ideally in the morning after voiding. Weighing at different times can lead to inconsistencies.
C. "I should be able to have a conversation while exercising." Clients with heart failure are encouraged to exercise at a moderate level that allows them to converse comfortably, which helps ensure they are not overexerting themselves and risking heart failure exacerbation.
D. "I should take ibuprofen for a headache." Ibuprofen is contraindicated for clients with heart failure because it can cause fluid retention and negatively impact kidney function. Acetaminophen is a safer alternative for pain relief in these clients.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Protective environment: Protective environment precautions are used for clients with compromised immune systems (e.g., transplant patients), not for those with bacterial pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.
B. Droplet: Haemophilus influenzae type B is spread through respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions are appropriate. The nurse should wear a mask when within 3 feet of the client to prevent transmission.
C. Airborne: Airborne precautions are used for diseases transmitted through small particles in the air, such as tuberculosis or measles, but are not necessary for Haemophilus influenzae type B, which is droplet-transmitted.
D. Contact: Contact precautions are used for infections spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or their environment, such as Clostridium difficile or MRSA, but not for Haemophilus influenzae type B pneumonia.
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