A nurse encounters an unresponsive client during a walk. The client's partner states, "He was pulling weed in the yard and slumped to the ground." Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to open the client's airway?

Modified jaw thrust

Flexion of the head

Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver

Hyperextension of the head

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. This technique is used to open the airway of a trauma client when a cervical spine injury is suspected, as it minimizes neck movement. Since there is no indication of trauma in this scenario, another method is preferred.

B. Flexing the head closes the airway by obstructing the trachea and should never be used to open the airway.

C. This is the correct technique to open the airway for an unresponsive, non-trauma client. The nurse tilts the head back and lifts the chin upward, which moves the tongue away from the posterior pharynx and opens the airway for ventilation.

D. Excessive hyperextension can injure the neck or narrow the airway. The correct technique involves a gentle tilt, not full hyperextension.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Family history increases the likelihood of developing certain diseases due to inherited genetic traits, but it is nonmodifiable because an individual cannot change their biological relatives or inherited risks.
B. Sunbathing exposes the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which increases the risk of skin cancer and premature aging. This behavior is modifiable because the client can reduce exposure by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, or avoiding excessive sun exposure—therefore helping to prevent disease.
C. Genetics determine an individual’s inherited characteristics and predisposition to diseases, which cannot be altered through lifestyle or environmental changes.
D. Age affects susceptibility to many diseases as the body’s physiological functions change over time, but it is nonmodifiable since it is beyond the individual’s control.

A. The client, who has advance directives B. The client's daughter, who is the primary caregiver C. The client's son, who has a durable power of attorney D. The client's sister, who assists with finances

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A client with dementia is considered legally incompetent to provide informed consent if they lack decision-making capacity. Advance directives express the client’s wishes but do not authorize consent for specific procedures once the client is incapacitated.

B. Being a primary caregiver does not automatically grant legal authority to sign consent forms unless she is designated as the legal representative or health care proxy.

C. A durable power of attorney for health care designates a legal decision-maker authorized to give informed consent on behalf of the client when they are unable to do so.

D. Assisting with finances does not grant legal authority to make medical decisions unless the sister is specifically named in a health care proxy or power of attorney document.

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A nurse encounters an unresponsive client during a walk. The client's partner states, "He was pulling weed in the yard and slumped to the ground." Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to open the client's airway?

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A nurse encounters an unresponsive client during a walk. The client's partner states, "He was pulling weed in the yard and slumped to the ground." Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to open the client's airway?