A nurse in a family planning clinic is caring for a client who requests an oral contraceptive. Which of the following findings in the client's history should the nurse recognize as a contraindication to oral contraceptives? (Select all that apply)

Cholecystitis

Hypertension

Human papillomavirus

Migraine headaches

Anxiety disorder

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

Choice A Reason:

Cholecystitis is correct. Both estrogen and progesterone have been shown to increase the risk of gallstones.Estrogen has been shown to increase cholesterol production in the liver, with excess amounts precipitating in bile and leading to the formation of gallstones.Progesterone has been shown to decrease gall-bladder motility, which impedes bile flow and leads to gallstone formation.

Choice B Reason:

Hypertension is correct. Women with uncontrolled hypertension or severe hypertension are generally advised against using oral contraceptives due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Choice C Reason:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is incorrect. HPV is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives.Overall, while there may be some association between oral contraceptive use and HPV infection or its progression, the absolute increase in risk is generally considered small, and the benefits of oral contraceptives in preventing unintended pregnancies and managing menstrual issues often outweigh the potential risks.

Choice D Reason:

Migraine headaches is correct. Women with migraines with aura, especially those over 35 years old, are often advised against using estrogen-containing contraceptives due to an increased risk of stroke.

Choice E Reason:

Anxiety disorder is incorrect. Anxiety disorder alone is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives. However, individual health considerations should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) is not appropriate. This invasive procedure involves sampling blood from the umbilical cord and is not typically used in the context of a positive contraction stress test.

Choice B Reason:

Amnioinfusion is not appropriate. Amnioinfusion is a procedure in which sterile fluid is infused into the amniotic cavity to alleviate conditions such as oligohydramnios. It is not a primary diagnostic test for assessing fetal well-being.

Choice C Reason:

Biophysical profile (BPP) is appropriate. The biophysical profile is a diagnostic test that assesses the well-being of the fetus by evaluating various parameters, including fetal heart rate, fetal breathing movements, fetal movements, fetal tone, and the amniotic fluid volume. This test provides additional information to assess fetal well-being and can help guide decisions about the timing and mode of delivery.

Choice D Reason:

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is inappropriate. CVS is a prenatal test used for diagnosing certain genetic conditions but is not indicated in the context of a positive contraction stress test.

A. Instruct the client to increase her respiratory rate to more than 42 breaths per min. B. Assist the client to breathe into a paper bag C. Have the client tuck her chin to her chest. D. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Instructing the client to increase her respiratory rate to more than 42 breaths per minute may exacerbate hyperventilation and cause respiratory alkalosis. This is not the appropriate action in this situation.

B. Breathing into a paper bag is an outdated and potentially dangerous practice. It can lead to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the body and may have adverse effects on both the mother and the baby. It is not recommended.

C. Having the client tuck her chin to her chest is the correct action.

This maneuver helps decrease the respiratory rate and prevent hyperventilation. It promotes a controlled and appropriate breathing pattern during labor.

D. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula is not the first-line intervention for lightheadedness and tingling during labor. The client's symptoms are likely due to hyperventilation, and addressing the breathing pattern is more appropriate.

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A nurse in a family planning clinic is caring for a client who requests an oral contraceptive. Which of the following findings in the client's history should the nurse recognize as a contraindication to oral contraceptives? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

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