A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who wants to know her estimated date of delivery if her last menstrual period was on May 4, 2022.

What should the nurse respond?

Choice A rationale
While blunt force trauma can indeed lead to placental abruption, it is not the most common risk factor. Such trauma is usually the result of an accident or injury, which are less common occurrences compared to other risk factors.
Choice B rationale
Hypertension is the most common risk factor for placental abruption. High blood pressure can cause the placenta to separate from the uterus, leading to abruption. This can occur as a result of chronic hypertension, or hypertension-related problems during pregnancy, including preeclampsia.
Choice C rationale
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for placental abruption, but it is not the most common one. While smoking can increase the risk, hypertension is a more prevalent risk factor.
Choice D rationale
Cocaine use can increase the risk of placental abruption, but it is not the most common risk factor. The use of cocaine can constrict blood vessels, which can lead to placental abruption. However, hypertension is a more common risk factor.

Choice A rationale
Facial edema, or swelling, can be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition that can occur during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. If a pregnant woman notices sudden or severe swelling in her face or hands, she should seek medical attention immediately.
Choice B rationale
Nausea and vomiting are common discomforts during the first trimester of pregnancy. They are often caused by hormonal changes and usually resolve by the second trimester. While they can be uncomfortable, they are not typically a sign of a serious problem.
Choice C rationale
Leukorrhea, or a thin, milky white vaginal discharge, is normal during pregnancy. It is caused by increased estrogen production and greater blood flow to the pelvic area. However, if the discharge changes in color, consistency, or smell, or if it is associated with itching or burning, it could be a sign of an infection and should be reported to a healthcare provider.
Choice D rationale
Increased urinary frequency is a common symptom in early pregnancy. It is caused by hormonal changes and increased blood flow to the kidneys. While it can be inconvenient, it is not typically a sign of a serious problem.