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A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 16-year old adolescent who collapsed after playing football on a hot day. After reviewing the admission laboratory findings, the nurse recognizes that these findings are consistent with which of the following conditions?

Sodium 152 mEq/L (135-145)

Potassium 3.6 mEq/L(3.4-4.7)

Chloride 105 mEq/L(90-110)

Glucose 102 mg/dL(70-120)

BUN 18 mg/dL(7-20)

Creatinine 0.7 mg/dL(0.5-0.8)

A.

Low-protein diet

B.

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

C.

Renal failure

D.

Dehydration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. A low-protein diet would not cause elevated sodium levels.

B. SIADH typically leads to low sodium levels (hyponatremia), not hypernatremia.

C. Renal failure often involves abnormal potassium or creatinine levels, which are normal here.

D. Elevated sodium and dehydration are consistent with excessive fluid loss from heat exposure.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. This is crucial due to the potential for a spinal injury given the mechanism of the fall. Stabilizing the spine can help prevent further injury while the infant is being assessed.

B. Monitoring the fontanel is important to assess for increased intracranial pressure. The anterior fontanel should be flat and level; bulging could indicate swelling or pressure.

C. This is vital for evaluating neurological status and determining if there are any signs of increased intracranial pressure or brain injury.

D. This is not appropriate at this time, as the infant is difficult to awaken, which could indicate a risk for aspiration.

E. Measuring head circumference can help track changes and monitor for signs of increased intracranial pressure or other complications.

F. While assessing reflexes may provide information on neurological function, it is not the priority compared to the other actions listed.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Placing an undershirt, knee socks, and diaper under the straps helps prevent skin irritation.

B. The Pavlik harness is typically worn for up to 12 weeks for effective treatment.

C. Regular visits to the provider for strap adjustments are necessary for proper fit and effectiveness.

D. Caregivers should not adjust the straps on their own; adjustments should be made by the healthcare provider.

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