A nurse is assessing a child and notes Koplik spots. In which of these communicable diseases are Koplik spots present?
Measles (rubeola)
Chicken pox
Exanthema subitum (roseola)
Rubella
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A: Measles (rubeola): Koplik spots are small, bluish-white lesions with a red base that appear on the buccal mucosa, typically near the molars. They are a hallmark sign of measles and usually appear 1–2 days before the characteristic maculopapular rash develops. Their presence strongly supports a measles diagnosis in a symptomatic child.
B: Chicken pox: This viral illness caused by varicella-zoster virus is characterized by a vesicular rash in various stages of healing, beginning on the trunk and spreading outward. Oral lesions may occur but they are vesicular, not the pinpoint bluish-white lesions.
C: Exanthema subitum (roseola): Caused most often by human herpesvirus 6, roseola presents with high fever followed by a sudden pink maculopapular rash after the fever subsides. Koplik spots are not associated with this illness.
D: Rubella: Also known as German measles, rubella presents with a fine pink rash, lymphadenopathy, and mild symptoms. There are no Koplik spots; instead, enanthem is rare and nonspecific if present
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Vitamin C with iron tablet: While iron supplements may be useful for treating anemia if blood loss has been significant, they do not address the underlying clotting factor deficiency in Hemophilia A. Vitamin C supports tissue healing, but it is not a treatment for this disorder.
B. Factor VIII: Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of clotting factor VIII, leading to impaired blood coagulation. The primary treatment is replacing factor VIII through IV infusion to restore normal clotting ability and prevent or control bleeding episodes.
C. Factor IX: Factor IX is used to treat Hemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease, which involves a deficiency in factor IX. It is not appropriate for Hemophilia A since it does not correct the missing clotting factor.
D. Aspirin: Aspirin impairs platelet function and increases bleeding risk. In clients with bleeding disorders such as Hemophilia A, it is contraindicated because it can worsen bleeding tendencies and complicate management.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Continuous swallowing while asleep: Continuous swallowing can indicate that the child is swallowing blood from a bleeding site in the throat. This subtle but important sign often appears early after tonsillectomy and signals the need for immediate assessment.
B. Decreased blood pressure: A drop in blood pressure is a late indicator of significant hemorrhage and hypovolemia. Waiting for hypotension before acting risks severe complications, so earlier signs should guide nursing interventions.
C. Throat pain: Throat pain is a normal postoperative symptom due to tissue trauma from surgery. While uncomfortable, it does not necessarily indicate bleeding and should be differentiated from signs of hemorrhage.
D. Dark brown, bloody emesis: Vomiting dark brown blood reflects older, clotted blood and usually occurs after bleeding has already been ongoing. It is a later sign compared to subtle early indicators like continuous swallowing.
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