A nurse is assessing a child for risk of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Which of the following is a factor the nurse should recognize as being a risk factor for AVM?
The child has taken phenytoin medication for seizures.
The child is a 6-year-old female.
The child has a genetic history of Hippel-Lindau disease.
The client smoked while they were pregnant with the child.
The Correct Answer is C
A. The child has taken phenytoin medication for seizures: Phenytoin use is not associated with the development of arteriovenous malformations. Anticonvulsants do not increase AVM risk; they are prescribed to manage seizure activity, which may occur if an AVM is already present.
B. The child is a 6-year-old female: Age and sex alone are not considered risk factors for AVMs. While AVMs can present in childhood, there is no significant predilection based solely on being female or the child’s age.
C. The child has a genetic history of Hippel-Lindau disease: Genetic disorders such as Hippel-Lindau disease are associated with increased risk of vascular malformations, including AVMs. Recognizing a family or personal history of these conditions is essential in assessing risk.
D. The client smoked while they were pregnant with the child: Maternal smoking is linked to low birth weight and certain congenital defects, but it is not a known risk factor for the development of arteriovenous malformations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): EMDR is primarily used for trauma-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder. While parental stress is significant, EMDR targets unresolved traumatic memories rather than ongoing caregiver burden. It is not the most appropriate first-line intervention for caregiver stress related to chronic childhood conditions.
B. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): ACT focuses on psychological flexibility and values-based coping and can be beneficial for chronic stress. However, evidence supporting its routine use for parental burnout in caregivers of children with autism is less established than other therapies. It is typically adjunctive rather than first-line.
C. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is well-supported for reducing caregiver stress, anxiety, and depression by helping parents identify and reframe maladaptive thought patterns. It provides practical coping strategies, problem-solving skills, and stress-management techniques. This approach directly targets the emotional and cognitive burden described by the parents.
D. Play Therapy and Art Therapy: These therapies are primarily designed for children to express emotions and improve communication skills. While helpful for pediatric clients, they are not intended to address parental stress or burnout. Their focus does not align with the parents’ coping needs.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The vaccine is administered in the thigh: For infants, the preferred site for intramuscular administration of the DTaP vaccine is the anterolateral thigh. This site has adequate muscle mass to safely absorb the vaccine and reduce complications.
B. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously, or under the skin: The DTaP vaccine is administered intramuscularly, not subcutaneously, to ensure proper absorption and immune response.
C. The vaccine is given in a series of three doses: The primary DTaP series for infants typically consists of five doses, not three, given at 2, 4, 6, 15–18 months, and 4–6 years.
D. Booster doses are recommended every 5 years throughout life: Booster doses are given at specific ages—4–6 years, 11–12 years (Tdap), and then every 10 years—not every 5 years.
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