A nurse is assessing a client who has a urinary tract infection and is taking sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of an allergic reaction?
Insomnia
Photosensitivity
Hallucinations
Wheezing
The Correct Answer is D
A. Insomnia: Insomnia is not a typical sign of an allergic reaction. It may occur as a nonspecific side effect of illness or other medications but is not indicative of hypersensitivity to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.
B. Photosensitivity: Photosensitivity is a known adverse effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but is not an allergic reaction. It results in increased susceptibility to sunburn rather than an immune-mediated response.
C. Hallucinations: Hallucinations are a rare neurologic side effect and are unrelated to allergic reactions. They may occur with severe systemic toxicity but are not typical of hypersensitivity.
D. Wheezing: Wheezing indicates bronchospasm and airway involvement, which are classic signs of an allergic reaction. It reflects hypersensitivity and may progress to anaphylaxis, requiring immediate attention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased calcium level: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of electrolytes, including calcium. An increased calcium level would not indicate a therapeutic response and may suggest another metabolic issue.
B. Decreased urine specific gravity: Furosemide increases urine output by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption in the loop of Henle. A decreased urine specific gravity reflects more dilute urine, which indicates effective diuresis and a therapeutic response.
C. Decreased liver enzymes: Furosemide does not have a direct effect on liver enzyme levels. Changes in liver enzymes would not reflect the effectiveness of the diuretic therapy.
D. Increased serum sodium level: Loop diuretics like furosemide can lead to sodium loss rather than an increase. An elevated serum sodium level would not indicate a therapeutic effect of the medication.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Examine the client's upper body for flushing of the skin during the infusion: Red man syndrome is a common adverse effect of rapid IV vancomycin administration. It presents as flushing or rash on the upper body, and monitoring for this reaction is essential to ensure client safety.
B. Monitor for hypertension while the medication infuses: Vancomycin is more commonly associated with hypotension rather than hypertension during infusion, so monitoring for high blood pressure is not a primary concern.
C. Check for a penicillin cross-sensitivity before infusing the medication: Vancomycin is not a beta-lactam antibiotic, so penicillin allergy does not predict vancomycin reactions. Screening for cross-sensitivity is not required.
D. Infuse the medication over 30 min: Rapid infusion increases the risk of adverse effects such as red man syndrome. Vancomycin should typically be infused over at least 60 minutes or longer, depending on the dose, to reduce this risk.
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