A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes insipidus (DI). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Moist mucous membranes

Urine specific gravity 1.000

Bradycardia

Bounding peripheral pulses

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Moist mucous membranes are not expected in diabetes insipidus (DI), which causes excessive water loss due to deficient antidiuretic hormone, leading to dehydration and dry mucous membranes. This finding is more typical in conditions with fluid retention, like SIADH, making it incorrect.

Choice B reason: Urine specific gravity of 1.000 (dilute urine) is expected in DI, as deficient antidiuretic hormone reduces renal water reabsorption, causing large volumes of dilute urine. This reflects the kidneys’ inability to concentrate urine, a hallmark of DI, making it the correct finding.

Choice C reason: Bradycardia is not typical in DI. Dehydration from excessive water loss increases heart rate (tachycardia) as a compensatory response to maintain cardiac output. Bradycardia may occur in other conditions but not in DI’s hypervolemic state, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Bounding peripheral pulses are not expected in DI, where dehydration reduces blood volume, leading to weaker pulses. Bounding pulses occur in hyperdynamic states like thyrotoxicosis, not DI’s hypovolemic state, making this an incorrect finding for the condition.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Initiating cooling measures is inappropriate for myxedema coma, a hypothyroid crisis causing hypothermia due to low metabolic rate. Warming measures are needed to correct hypothermia, as cooling exacerbates the condition, making this an incorrect and potentially harmful intervention.

Choice B reason: Turning the client every 4 hours prevents pressure ulcers but is not the priority in myxedema coma. Aspiration risk from depressed consciousness and respiratory drive is more immediate, requiring precautions to protect the airway, making this a secondary intervention.

Choice C reason: Placing the client on aspiration precautions is critical in myxedema coma, as severe hypothyroidism causes depressed consciousness and respiratory drive, increasing aspiration risk. Precautions like elevating the head of the bed protect the airway, addressing the immediate life-threatening risk in this condition.

Choice D reason: Checking blood pressure every 2 hours is important but not the priority in myxedema coma. Hypotension occurs, but aspiration risk from altered mental status and respiratory depression poses a greater immediate threat, making aspiration precautions the primary intervention.

A. Hypertension B. Tachycardia C. Hyperglycemia D. Bounding peripheral pulses

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypertension is not a hallmark of diabetes insipidus, which causes hypovolemia from excessive water loss. DI leads to dilute urine and dehydration, often causing hypotension, not hypertension, as the body struggles to maintain vascular volume, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Tachycardia is a manifestation of diabetes insipidus due to hypovolemia from excessive water loss via dilute urine. The heart rate increases to compensate for reduced blood volume, maintaining cardiac output in response to dehydration, making this the correct finding.

Choice C reason: Hyperglycemia is associated with diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus. DI involves deficient antidiuretic hormone, leading to water loss, not glucose metabolism issues. Blood sugar levels remain unaffected, making this choice incorrect for DI manifestations.

Choice D reason: Bounding peripheral pulses are not typical in diabetes insipidus, where hypovolemia from water loss leads to weak pulses. Dehydration reduces vascular volume, causing thready pulses, not bounding ones, making this choice incorrect for the condition.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes insipidus (DI). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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