A nurse is assessing a client who is to receive a medication in the supine position. Which of the following positions should the nurse place the client in?
Supine position.
Lying on the right side.
Prone position.
Sitting upright.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: The supine position involves lying flat on the back, which is specified for certain medication administrations (e.g., sublingual or rectal) to ensure proper absorption or distribution. It facilitates drug delivery by maintaining anatomical alignment, allowing optimal contact with mucosal surfaces or systemic uptake as intended.
Choice B reason: Lying on the right side is used for specific procedures, like rectal medication administration, to aid gravitational flow. However, it is not equivalent to the supine position, which is explicitly indicated for certain drugs to ensure proper absorption or to prevent aspiration during administration.
Choice C reason: The prone position, lying face down, is used for procedures like spinal injections or to relieve respiratory distress. It is not suitable for most medication administrations requiring the supine position, as it may hinder drug absorption or increase aspiration risk, contrary to the intended delivery method.
Choice D reason: Sitting upright is often used for oral medications to prevent esophageal irritation or aspiration. However, it does not meet the requirement for supine positioning, which is specified for certain drugs to ensure proper mucosal contact or systemic absorption, particularly for non-oral routes like sublingual administration.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Sleep enhances concentration by restoring prefrontal cortex function, improving attention and executive function. Decreased ability to concentrate results from sleep deprivation, which disrupts neural synchronization and reduces acetylcholine levels, impairing cognitive processing, not a direct outcome of normal sleep physiology.
Choice B reason: Sleep strengthens the immune system by promoting T-cell proliferation and cytokine release (e.g., IL-2), enhancing pathogen defense. A weakened immune system results from sleep deprivation, which elevates cortisol, suppressing immune function, contrary to the restorative effects of sleep on immune homeostasis.
Choice C reason: Basal metabolic rate decreases during sleep, as the body enters a low-energy state, reducing heart rate and oxygen consumption. Non-REM sleep lowers metabolic demand, conserving energy, while an increase in metabolism occurs during wakefulness or REM sleep, not as a general sleep outcome.
Choice D reason: Sleep facilitates memory consolidation, transferring short-term memories to long-term storage via hippocampal-neocortical interactions. Slow-wave sleep and REM sleep enhance synaptic plasticity, strengthening neural connections through protein synthesis and LTP (long-term potentiation), critical for learning and memory retention in the brain.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Palliative care is not limited to hospitals; it is provided in various settings, including home or outpatient clinics, focusing on symptom relief and quality of life. It addresses pain, nausea, or emotional distress, engaging neural pathways to reduce suffering, regardless of care location or disease stage.
Choice B reason: Palliative care complements chemotherapy by managing side effects like nausea or pain, improving quality of life. It does not interfere with cancer treatment, as it targets symptom relief through medications or counseling, supporting patients’ physical and emotional well-being during active therapies like chemotherapy.
Choice C reason: Palliative care is not limited to terminal illness; it supports patients with serious conditions (e.g., cancer, heart failure) at any stage. It reduces symptoms like pain or dyspnea, enhancing quality of life via pharmacological and psychological interventions, addressing physical and emotional distress across disease trajectories.
Choice D reason: Palliative care does not replace other treatments but complements them, focusing on symptom management and quality of life. It integrates with curative therapies, using medications or counseling to alleviate suffering, supporting patients’ physiological and psychological needs without halting disease-specific treatments like surgery or chemotherapy.
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