A nurse is assessing an adolescent who has beta thalassemia. The parents ask the nurse about other manifestations to watch for in their child. The nurse recognizes that children who have beta thalassemia have the potential for which of the following psychosocial diagnoses?

Conduct disorder

Depression

Anxiety

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Conduct disorder: Conduct disorder involves persistent behavioral problems and aggression, which are not directly associated with chronic illnesses like beta thalassemia.

B. Depression: Children with beta thalassemia often experience chronic illness-related stress, frequent medical interventions, physical changes from anemia or transfusions, and social limitations, which can contribute to depressive symptoms. Monitoring for mood changes and providing psychosocial support is important.

C. Anxiety: While anxiety may occur in some children with chronic illness, depression is more commonly reported as a psychosocial complication in beta thalassemia due to ongoing treatment demands and chronic health challenges.

D. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): PTSD is generally linked to exposure to traumatic events rather than chronic illness management, making it less likely to be a primary psychosocial diagnosis in children with beta thalassemia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I wish my belly was smaller like the other kids": This statement reflects dissatisfaction with the child’s own body and comparison to peers, which is a direct indicator of negative body image and poor self-perception.

B. "My classmates make fun of me because I ride my bike with training wheels.": This statement reflects social teasing rather than the child’s internal perception of their body, so it indicates social stress but not necessarily negative body image.

C. "I don't know why my peers don't like me.": This reflects feelings of social rejection or low self-esteem but does not specifically indicate dissatisfaction with the child’s body.

D. "I try really hard but can't seem to do anything right.": This statement reflects frustration and low self-efficacy rather than negative body image, as it focuses on performance rather than physical appearance.

A. Fixation on certain items or topics. B. Frequent changes in routine. C. Display of self-harming behaviors such as head-banging. D. Spontaneous and unpredictable behaviors. E. Adhering to a rigid routine. F. Avoidance of repetitive activities.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Fixation on certain items or topics: Children with ASD often develop intense interests or focus on specific objects or topics, which is a characteristic behavior and should be included in parental education.

B. Frequent changes in routine: Children with ASD typically struggle with changes in routine and may become distressed when routines are disrupted, so frequent changes are not characteristic and should not be encouraged.

C. Display of self-harming behaviors such as head-banging: Some children with ASD may engage in self-injurious behaviors, including head-banging or biting, particularly during times of frustration or sensory overload.

D. Spontaneous and unpredictable behaviors: Behaviors in ASD are usually repetitive or predictable rather than spontaneous; unpredictability is not a defining characteristic.

E. Adhering to a rigid routine: A strong preference for sameness and strict adherence to routines is common in children with ASD and should be recognized by caregivers.

F. Avoidance of repetitive activities: Children with ASD typically engage in repetitive behaviors such as hand-flapping, rocking, or repeating words, so avoidance of these is not typical.

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A nurse is assessing an adolescent who has beta thalassemia. The parents ask the nurse about other manifestations to watch for in their child. The nurse recognizes that children who have beta thalassemia have the potential for which of the following psychosocial diagnoses?

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