A nurse is caring for a child who has been diagnosed with malignant neuroblastoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

The tumor is located in the lower back of the brain in the midline posterior fossa.

The tumor originated in the adrenal glands.

The tumor has not spread to other areas of the child's body.

The tumor came from malformation of astrocyte glial brain cells.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The tumor is located in the lower back of the brain in the midline posterior fossa is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of a cerebellar or brainstem tumor, not neuroblastoma.

B. The tumor originated in the adrenal glands is correct. Neuroblastoma typically arises from the adrenal glands, though it can also develop in nerve tissue along the spine, neck, chest, or pelvis.

C. The tumor has not spread to other areas of the child's body is incorrect. Neuroblastoma often metastasizes to other parts of the body, such as the bones, lymph nodes, liver, and skin.

D. The tumor came from malformation of astrocyte glial brain cells is incorrect. This describes gliomas, which are a different category of brain tumors, not neuroblastoma.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. 2-3 months is too early for palatoplasty, as the child’s palate and facial structures need time to develop. Surgical repair of the palate is typically done later, once the child is more developed.

B. 18-24 months is too late for the initial palatoplasty. Early intervention is preferred for speech development and other aspects of the child’s overall growth.

C. 6-12 months is the recommended age range for palatoplasty, as this is the time when the child’s palate has matured enough for surgery, and earlier intervention supports optimal outcomes for speech and facial development.

D. 4-5 years is too late for the first palatoplasty. However, additional surgeries or interventions may be needed during this age range as the child grows and their oral structures continue to develop.

A. Confusion and altered mental status B. Increased diastolic pressure with narrowing pulse pressure C. Irregular, rapid heartbeat D. Rapid, shallow breathing

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Confusion and altered mental status can be signs of increased ICP, but these symptoms are not specific. Confusion or altered consciousness may also be observed in other conditions, so this alone may not definitively indicate increased ICP.

B. Increased diastolic pressure with narrowing pulse pressure is a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure and is a key component of Cushing's triad. This triad, which also includes bradycardia and irregular respirations, is a critical indicator of impending brain herniation and requires immediate intervention.

C. Irregular, rapid heartbeat is not a direct sign of increased ICP. While heart rate changes can occur with changes in ICP, they are usually seen as part of Cushing’s triad and would typically present with bradycardia, not rapid heartbeat.

D. Rapid, shallow breathing can occur in response to other conditions, but it is not the most specific or early sign of increased ICP. Changes in the respiratory pattern with increased ICP often involve more distinct alterations like Cheyne-Stokes or irregular breathing patterns.

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A nurse is caring for a child who has been diagnosed with malignant neuroblastoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

At what age is it generally recommended to perform palatoplasty for a child with a cleft palate?

Correct Answer is C

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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