A nurse is assessing the pupil size in a patient and can expect which one as an expected finding?

2 mm

6 mm

8mm

4 mm

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) 2 mm: A pupil size of 2 mm would be considered small and is generally indicative of miosis, which can occur due to certain medications, increased intracranial pressure, or other factors. A size of 2 mm is not typically expected as a normal finding for pupil size in healthy individuals.

B) 6 mm: While 6 mm is within the upper normal range for pupil size, it is on the larger end. Pupils usually range from 3 mm to 6 mm in size under normal lighting conditions. However, pupils dilating to 6 mm can occur in response to low light conditions or sympathetic stimulation.

C) 8 mm: A pupil size of 8 mm would be considered dilated (mydriasis) and is abnormal under normal lighting conditions. Such a large pupil may suggest conditions like drug use, neurological issues, or other medical concerns that need to be assessed.

D) 4 mm: A pupil size of 4 mm is considered a normal and expected finding under standard lighting conditions. It falls within the typical range for adult pupil size and reflects a healthy, functional response to ambient light conditions. This size is within the commonly observed range for normal pupils.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Pearly gray tympanic membrane: A healthy, normal tympanic membrane (eardrum) typically appears pearly gray and translucent. In the case of acute otitis media (AOM), the tympanic membrane usually appears erythematous (red) due to inflammation and may be bulging or swollen. A pearly gray tympanic membrane would be inconsistent with the diagnosis of acute otitis media, as it suggests a lack of infection or inflammation.

B) Erythema tympanic membrane: Erythema, or redness, of the tympanic membrane, is a common finding in acute otitis media. The inflammation from the infection causes the membrane to appear red or inflamed. This finding is consistent with the diagnosis of AOM and indicates irritation or infection in the middle ear.

C) Edema of the tympanic membrane: Edema (swelling) of the tympanic membrane is a common finding in acute otitis media. The middle ear becomes inflamed and fluid-filled, leading to swelling of the tympanic membrane. This is consistent with the diagnosis of AOM.

D) Bulging of the tympanic membrane: Bulging of the tympanic membrane is another classic sign of acute otitis media. The buildup of fluid and pus behind the eardrum causes it to bulge outward. This finding is consistent with AOM and indicates a more severe or advanced stage of the infection.

A. bacterial B. fungal C. parasite D. viral

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Bacterial: Bacterial infections in the mouth typically result in symptoms like foul odor, swelling, or pus, but they do not generally cause a black, hairy appearance on the tongue. A black, hairy tongue is more commonly associated with fungal overgrowth or other non-bacterial factors.

B) Fungal: A black, hairy tongue is often caused by an overgrowth of yeast or fungi, particularly Candida. This condition occurs when the normal balance of microorganisms in the mouth is disrupted, leading to the growth of fungi on the tongue’s papillae. These elongated, discolored papillae can trap food, bacteria, and dead cells, leading to a dark, furry appearance.

C) Parasite: Parasitic infections in the mouth are rare and usually cause symptoms such as sores, swelling, or difficulty swallowing, but they do not typically result in a black, hairy tongue. A parasitic infection would have a different set of symptoms and appearance.

D) Viral: Viral infections, such as those caused by the herpes simplex virus, can cause sores or ulcers in the mouth but do not typically cause a black, hairy appearance of the tongue. Viral infections might also cause symptoms like fever, pain, or swelling, but not this specific characteristic.

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A nurse is assessing the pupil size in a patient and can expect which one as an expected finding?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is being admitted with a working diagnosis of acute otitis media. Upon a middle ear assessment with an otoscope, which finding is Inconsistent (pertinent negative) with this diagnosis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing the mouth f a patient and during the inspection notes a black and hairy tongue. What type of infection does the patient have?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing the pupil size in a patient and can expect which one as an expected finding?

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