A nurse is assigned to four children of different ages. In which age group should the nurse understand that the child will attach literal meaning to common phrases such as "coughing your head off"?
infant
toddler
preschooler
school-age child
adolescent
The Correct Answer is C
A. Infants are not developmentally able to interpret language.
B. Toddlers are beginning to use language but do not yet grasp figurative speech.
C. Preschoolers are very literal in their understanding of language and may misinterpret common idioms or metaphors.
D. School-age children begin to understand figurative language.
E. Adolescents typically comprehend abstract and figurative speech well.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Initiative vs. Guilt is the stage associated with preschool-aged children (approximately 3–6 years), where they begin to assert power and control through play and social interactions.
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt; According to Erikson’s psychosocial stages, toddlers (ages 1–3 years) are in this stage, where they strive for independence and self-control. Successful navigation leads to a sense of autonomy; failure may result in feelings of shame and doubt.
C. Industry vs. Inferiority occurs during the school-age years (approximately 6–12 years) when children focus on developing skills and competence.
D. Trust vs. Mistrust is the stage for infants (birth to around 1 year), when they learn whether or not they can trust caregivers to meet their needs.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Rounded abdomen is normal in infants due to their developing musculature and posture.
B. Heart rate 115 beats/min is within the normal range for a 5-month-old infant (typically 90–160 beats/min).
C. Retractions of the sternum with breathing is concerning because it indicates increased work of breathing and possible respiratory distress.
D. Lower legs appear bowed is a common normal variation in infants and toddlers and typically resolves with growth.
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