A nurse is assisting an older adult client who sometimes loses her balance while walking. Which of the following devices should the nurse use when helping the client ambulate?

A. Allowing a small amount of air inside the bag can prevent the formation of ice crystals that could lead to frostbite or skin damage. Air space allows the ice to conform better to the shape of the injury and can help distribute the cold more evenly. However, the bag should not be too full to ensure effective cooling.
B. Placing an ice bag directly on the skin can lead to skin damage or frostbite. To prevent this, a thin cloth or towel should be placed between the ice bag and the skin. This barrier helps protect the skin from the intense cold and reduces the risk of injury.
C. Applying an ice bag for 30 minutes at a time can be too long and may risk skin damage or frostbite. Typically, ice should be applied for 15-20 minutes at a time, followed by a break to allow the skin to warm up before reapplication.
D. After applying an ice bag for 15-20 minutes, it is usually recommended to remove it and allow the skin to return to normal temperature before reapplying. Waiting about 30 minutes before reapplying allows the skin to recover and helps avoid potential complications like frostbite or cold burns.

A. Consuming large meals high in carbohydrates is not recommended for managing narcolepsy. Large meals, especially those high in carbohydrates, can lead to drowsiness and exacerbate daytime sleepiness, which is already a significant concern in narcolepsy. Instead, smaller, balanced meals are typically advised to avoid large fluctuations in blood sugar levels and excessive sleepiness.
B. Exercise regularly is an appropriate recommendation. Regular physical activity can help improve overall health, mood, and sleep patterns. For individuals with narcolepsy, exercise can also help manage excessive daytime sleepiness and improve alertness. However, it is important to avoid exercising too close to bedtime, as it can interfere with nighttime sleep.
C. Engaging in activities that increase sleepiness is not recommended. Sitting for long periods or being in warm environments can exacerbate daytime sleepiness and make it harder to stay awake. People with narcolepsy should avoid these situations and instead focus on strategies that help them stay alert and manage their sleepiness effectively.
D. Avoiding naps is generally not advised for individuals with narcolepsy. Controlled, planned naps can help manage excessive daytime sleepiness and improve overall function. Instead of avoiding naps, the focus should be on managing nap times effectively to help mitigate the symptoms of narcolepsy and maintain a regular sleep-wake schedule.