A nurse is assisting in the care of an adolescent client who has been diagnosed with testicular cancer. The nurse understands that testicular cancer most often develops from mutations of which of the following types of cells?

A. Administering the insulin injection quickly to minimize discomfort. Administering an injection quickly may reduce discomfort, but it does not address the emotional and psychological aspects of atraumatic care. The goal is to minimize fear and distress, not just physical pain.

B. Explaining the procedure in simple terms to the client before administering the insulin. Providing a clear, age-appropriate explanation helps reduce anxiety and fosters trust between the child and the nurse. Understanding what to expect allows the child to feel a sense of control, which is a key principle of atraumatic care.

C. Asking the client to look away during the injection to reduce anxiety. While looking away may help some children, it does not promote understanding or involvement in their care. Instead, explaining the procedure allows the child to develop coping strategies and feel more secure.

D. Using a larger needle to ensure accurate insulin delivery. Insulin is administered using a small-gauge needle to minimize pain. A larger needle is unnecessary and could increase discomfort, contradicting the principles of atraumatic care.

A. "Most vaccines require only one dose." Many vaccines require multiple doses or booster shots to ensure long-term immunity. For example, the influenza vaccine is given annually, and the pneumococcal vaccine may require boosters in high-risk children.

B. "Children who have underlying respiratory diseases should not receive vaccines." Children with underlying respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma, cystic fibrosis) are often at higher risk for complications from respiratory infections. Vaccination is especially important for these children to protect them from severe illness.

C. "Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses." Vaccinating children at the recommended ages helps build early immunity against preventable respiratory infections like influenza, pneumococcal disease, and pertussis. Early immunization reduces disease severity and complications.

D. "The rhinovirus can be prevented with a vaccine." The rhinovirus (which causes the common cold) does not have a vaccine because it has many different strains and mutates frequently. Vaccines are available for other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza, pneumonia, and pertussis.