A nurse is caring for a 12-year-old client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). The nurse should recognize which of the following as a common manifestation of SLE?
Presence of proteinuria and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels
Increased energy
Weight gain
Mania
The Correct Answer is A
A. Presence of proteinuria and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels: Renal involvement is common in pediatric SLE, often manifesting as lupus nephritis. Proteinuria and elevated BUN indicate impaired kidney function, which is a frequent and serious complication of the disease.
B. Increased energy: Children with SLE more commonly experience fatigue and malaise due to systemic inflammation, rather than increased energy levels.
C. Weight gain: While weight changes may occur secondary to corticosteroid therapy, spontaneous weight gain is not a typical manifestation of SLE itself.
D. Mania: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in SLE can occur, but mania is uncommon in pediatric clients. Cognitive impairment, headaches, or mood changes are more typical neurological manifestations.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Diphtheria: Diphtheria, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and is characterized by a thick pseudomembrane in the throat and systemic toxin effects. Koplik spots are not associated with this bacterial infection.
B. Poliomyelitis: Poliomyelitis is caused by the poliovirus and primarily affects motor neurons, potentially leading to paralysis. Oral mucosal manifestations such as Koplik spots are not present in this viral illness.
C. Measles (rubeola): Measles, caused by the measles virus, is characterized by prodromal fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and the appearance of Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa. These small, white or bluish-white lesions with a red base are pathognomonic for measles and appear 1–2 days before the skin rash.
D. Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum): Fifth disease, caused by parvovirus B19, presents with a “slapped cheek” rash and mild systemic symptoms. Koplik spots are not a feature of this illness.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Blurred vision in one eye and clear vision in the other: This describes unilateral visual impairment rather than complete blindness. Complete blindness involves absence of vision in both eyes.
B. The inability to see objects or any light source: Complete blindness is defined as no perception of light or visual stimuli in either eye. This accurately reflects total loss of visual function.
C. A bilateral visual acuity of 20/20: This represents normal vision and is not consistent with any degree of visual impairment or blindness.
D. A bilateral visual acuity of 20/200 with contact lenses: A visual acuity of 20/200 meets criteria for legal blindness, not complete blindness. Individuals with legal blindness may still perceive light or shapes.
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