A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department.

Exhibits
For each assessment finding, click to specify if the assessment finding is consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar state (HHS). Each finding may support more than 1 disease process.
Assessment Findings: DKA /HHS

Skin turgor

Urine ketones

Blood pH greater than expected reference range

Blood glucose greater than expected reference range

Creatinine greater than expected reference range

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"},"E":{"answers":"A,B"}}

A)   Slight tenting of the skin indicates dehydration, which is consistent with both DKA and HHS.
B)   The presence of ketones in the urine is a hallmark of DKA, as it indicates the body is using fat for energy due to a lack of insulin.
C)   A pH of 7.30 is lower than the normal range, suggesting acidosis, which is characteristic of DKA.
D)   A blood glucose level of 468 mg/dL is significantly higher than the normal range, which is a common finding in both DKA and HHS.
E)   An elevated creatinine level indicates kidney dysfunction, which can be a result of dehydration seen in both DKA and HHS.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Skin breakdown could occur due to the catheter bag lying in bed, but it is not the primary risk associated with the observations noted.
B) A kinked IV tubing can lead to stasis of fluids, which increases the risk of infection. Additionally, if the urinary catheter bag is not positioned below the level of the bladder, urine can reflux back into the bladder, which also increases the risk of infection.
C) Neurogenic bladder is a condition typically associated with nerve damage, not directly related to the position of the catheter bag or kinked tubing.
D) Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, which would not be directly caused by the issues noted with the urinary catheter.

A. Encourage the client to cough. B. Keep the client's head in a midline position. C. Elevate the head of the bed. D. Assist the client to the bathroom. E. Initiate seizure precautions. F. Decrease oxygen to 1.5 L/min via nasal cannula.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"C"},"E":{"answers":"A"},"F":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

A) Coughing is not directly related to the client's condition as described in the scenario.
B) Keeping the client's head in a midline position is anticipated to maintain an open airway and prevent further complications, particularly after a cerebrovascular accident.
C) Elevating the head of the bed is anticipated as it can help improve respiratory function and reduce intracranial pressure, which is beneficial given the client's history of cerebrovascular accident and current restlessness and agitation.
D) Assisting the client to the bathroom is contraindicated due to the client's current unresponsiveness and risk of falls; a bedpan or catheter may be more appropriate.
E) Initiating seizure precautions is anticipated because the client's Glasgow Coma Scale score indicates a decreased level of consciousness, which could predispose them to seizures, especially with a history of cerebrovascular accident.
F) Decreasing oxygen to 1.5 L/min via nasal cannula is contraindicated given the client's decreased oxygen saturation levels; instead, the nurse should anticipate the need to maintain or increase oxygen to ensure adequate tissue perfusion.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has a urinary catheter. The nurse notes the client's IV tubing is kinked and the urinary catheter bag is lying next to the client in bed. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"C"},"E":{"answers":"A"},"F":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

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