A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dementia. The client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives. The client is scheduled for a procedure that requires informed consent. Which of the following persons should sign the informed consent?

The client's daughter, who is the primary caregiver

The client

The client's partner

The client's son, who has a durable power of attorney

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The client's daughter, who is the primary caregiver: While the daughter may be involved in the client's care and decision-making process, the client themselves should provide informed consent if they have decision-making capacity. Informed consent cannot be provided by a caregiver unless legally authorized to do so.

B. The client: The client is alert, oriented, and has advance directives. In this scenario, the client possesses decision-making capacity and is capable of providing informed consent for the procedure. As long as the client is competent and able to understand the nature, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedure, they are the appropriate person to sign the informed consent document.

C. The client's partner: Unless legally designated as the client's healthcare proxy or legally authorized to provide consent on the client's behalf, the partner should not sign the informed consent document. The client themselves should provide consent if they have decision-making capacity.

D. The client's son, who has a durable power of attorney: While a durable power of attorney grants legal authority to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the client if they lack decision-making capacity, it does not negate the client's ability to provide informed consent if they are competent to do so. If the client is alert, oriented, and capable of understanding the procedure, they should sign the informed consent document themselves.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

B. Post NO SMOKING signs in a prominent location in the home:
Oxygen supports combustion, making smoking or exposure to open flames highly dangerous in an oxygen-enriched environment. Posting NO SMOKING signs serves as a reminder to everyone in the household to avoid smoking or using open flames near the oxygen source.

C. Notify local fire department:
It's crucial to inform the local fire department that a client is using home oxygen therapy. This ensures that emergency responders are aware of the presence of oxygen in the home in case of a fire or emergency situation.

E. Check the tops of the ears for skin breakdown:
The nasal cannula can cause pressure on the tops of the ears, potentially leading to skin breakdown, especially with prolonged use. Checking for skin breakdown and providing appropriate skin care helps prevent complications and ensures the client's comfort.

A. Verify the oxygen flow rate every other day:
While it's essential to ensure that the oxygen equipment is functioning properly and that the prescribed flow rate is appropriate for the client's needs, checking it every other day may not be necessary unless there are specific concerns or changes in the client's condition.

D. Apply petroleum ointment to nares if they become dry and irritated:
While it's common for the nasal passages to become dry with oxygen therapy, applying petroleum ointment may not be recommended without consulting the healthcare provider first, as it can interfere with oxygen delivery and increase the risk of infection.

A. A bright light B. Drinking caffeinated beverages in the evening C. A 20 min nap during the day D. Emotional stress E. A regular bedtime schedule

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A) Bright light: Exposure to bright light, especially in the evening or at night, can interfere with the body's production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Bright light exposure can disrupt circadian rhythms, making it more challenging to fall asleep and stay asleep.

B) Drinking caffeinated beverages in the evening: Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with sleep by blocking the effects of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that promotes sleepiness. Consuming caffeinated beverages in the evening can delay the onset of sleep and reduce overall sleep duration.

C) A 20-minute nap during the day: While short naps can be beneficial for some individuals, especially if they are sleep-deprived, napping for too long or too late in the day can disrupt the body's natural sleep-wake cycle. Short naps can be refreshing, but longer or late-day naps can make it harder to fall asleep at night.

D) Emotional stress: Stress and anxiety can trigger the body's "fight or flight" response, leading to increased alertness and difficulty relaxing or falling asleep. Chronic stress can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle, leading to difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep and resulting in poor sleep quality.

E) A regular bedtime schedule: Having a consistent bedtime schedule can actually help regulate the sleep-wake cycle by reinforcing the body's internal clock. Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day, even on weekends, can help improve sleep quality and make it easier to fall asleep and wake up naturally.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dementia. The client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives. The client is scheduled for a procedure that requires informed consent. Which of the following persons should sign the informed consent?

Nursing Test Bank

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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for home oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client about the sleep-wake cycle. The nurse should include that which of the following factors can interfere with the sleep-wake cycle? (Select All that Apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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