A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is elevated due to an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid. It can be caused by vomiting, diuretics, or excessive antacid intake. It is not associated with COPD.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is lowered due to an accumulation of carbon dioxide. It can be caused by hypoventilation, airway obstruction, or lung diseases such as COPD. It is the most common acid-base imbalance in COPD patients.

Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is elevated due to a loss of carbon dioxide. It can be caused by hyperventilation, anxiety, fever, or aspirin overdose. It is not common in COPD patients.

Choice D reason: Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is lowered due to an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate. It can be caused by diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, or lactic acidosis. It is not directly related to COPD.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: A heart murmur is a common finding in clients who have mitral valve stenosis. It is a sound produced by turbulent blood flow through the narrowed valve. The murmur is usually heard as a low-pitched rumbling sound during diastole.

Choice B reason: Bradycardia is not a typical finding in clients who have mitral valve stenosis. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute. Mitral valve stenosis can cause tachycardia, which is a fast heart rate, due to increased cardiac workload and reduced cardiac output.

Choice C reason: Clubbing of the fingers is not a sign of mitral valve stenosis. Clubbing is a deformity of the fingertips and nails that occurs due to chronic hypoxia. Mitral valve stenosis can cause pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema, which can impair gas exchange, but not to the extent of causing clubbing.

Choice D reason: Barrel chest is not a sign of mitral valve stenosis. Barrel chest is a condition where the chest is enlarged and rounded due to chronic lung disease. Mitral valve stenosis can affect the lungs by increasing the pressure in the pulmonary circulation, but it does not cause structural changes in the chest wall.

A. Spinach B. Baked potato C. Banana D. Cheese

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Spinach is a good source of potassium, but not the best. According to the USDA, one cup of cooked spinach contains 839 mg of potassium, which is about 18% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) for adults².

Choice B reason: Baked potato is the best source of potassium among the choices. According to the USDA, one medium baked potato with skin contains 941 mg of potassium, which is about 20% of the RDI for adults². Potassium is an essential mineral that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve and muscle function, and blood pressure.

Choice C reason: Banana is a popular source of potassium, but not the best. According to the USDA, one medium banana contains 422 mg of potassium, which is about 9% of the RDI for adults².

Choice D reason: Cheese is a poor source of potassium. According to the USDA, one ounce of cheddar cheese contains only 28 mg of potassium, which is less than 1% of the RDI for adults². Cheese is high in sodium, which can counteract the benefits of potassium and increase the risk of hypertension.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is at risk for hypokalemia. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods is the best source of potassium?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has respiratory alkalosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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