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A nurse is caring for a client who has Graves' disease. The nurse understands that this condition is caused by what type of hypersensitivity? (Select all that apply.)

Type I hypersensitivity

Type II hypersensitivity

Type III hypersensitivity

Type IV hypersensitivity

Type V hypersensitivity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,E

Choice A reason:

Type I hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve IgE antibodies or mast cells.

Choice B reason:

Type II hypersensitivity is involved in Graves' disease, as it involves IgG antibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors on the thyroid gland and stimulate the production of thyroid hormones. This leads to hyperthyroidism and manifestations such as goiter, exophthalmos, tachycardia, weight loss, or tremors.

Choice C reason:

Type III hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve immune complexes or complement activation.

Choice D reason:

Type IV hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells.

Choice E reason:

Type V hypersensitivity is also involved in Graves' disease, as it involves the stimulation of target cells by antibodies that act as agonists for cell surface receptors. This leads to an increased function of the target organ or tissue.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Gram-positive cocci are bacteria that have a spherical shape and stain purple with Gram stain due to their thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Streptococcus pyogenes is an example of gram-positive cocci that can cause infections such as pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, or rheumatic fever.

Choice B reason:

Gram-negative cocci are bacteria that have a spherical shape and stain pink with Gram stain due to their thin peptidoglycan cell wall and outer membrane. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are examples of gram-negative cocci that can cause infections such as gonorrhea, meningitis, or septicemia.

Choice C reason:

Gram-positive bacilli are bacteria that have a rod-shaped shape and stain purple with Gram stain due to their thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum are examples of gram-positive bacilli that can cause infections such as anthrax, botulism, or tetanus.

Choice D reason:

Gram-negative bacilli are bacteria that have a rod-shaped shape and stain pink with Gram stain due to their thin peptidoglycan cell wall and outer membrane. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are examples of gram-negative bacilli that can cause infections such as urinary tract infection, wound infection, or sepsis.

A. Type I hypersensitivity B. Type II hypersensitivity C. Type III hypersensitivity D. Type IV hypersensitivity

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Type I hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve IgE antibodies or mast cells.

Choice B reason:

Type II hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve IgG or IgM antibodies or target cells.2

Choice C reason:

RA is caused by type III hypersensitivity, which involves the formation and deposition of immune complexes in the synovial membranes of the joints. This triggers complement activation, inflammation, and tissue damage.

Choice D reason:

Type IV hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has Graves' disease. The nurse understands that this condition is caused by what type of hypersensitivity? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The nurse understands that this microorganism belongs to what group of bacteria?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The nurse understands that this condition is caused by what type of hypersensitivity?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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