A nurse is caring for a client who is on warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation. The client's INR is 5.2. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?

Atropine

Epinephrine

Vitamin K

Protamine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Atropine is not the correct answer, as it is an anticholinergic medication that is used to treat bradycardia, not warfarin overdose. Atropine has no effect on the INR or the coagulation cascade.

Choice B reason: Epinephrine is not the correct answer, as it is a catecholamine medication that is used to treat anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, or severe hypotension, not warfarin overdose. Epinephrine has no effect on the INR or the coagulation cascade.

Choice C reason: Vitamin K is the correct answer, as it is the antidote for warfarin overdose. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. Vitamin K can reverse the effects of warfarin and lower the INR to a therapeutic range.

Choice D reason: Protamine is not the correct answer, as it is the antidote for heparin overdose, not warfarin overdose. Protamine is a protein that binds to and neutralizes heparin, but has no effect on warfarin or the INR.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Suppressing respiratory effort is the correct purpose of pancuronium. Pancuronium is a neuromuscular blocking agent that paralyzes the skeletal muscles, including the respiratory muscles. This prevents the client from breathing spontaneously and allows the mechanical ventilator to control the ventilation. Pancuronium is used to improve oxygenation and prevent barotrauma in clients with ARDS, who have severe hypoxemia and stiff lungs.

Choice B reason: Decreasing chest wall compliance is not the correct purpose of pancuronium. Chest wall compliance is the measure of how easily the chest wall expands during inspiration. Decreasing chest wall compliance means increasing the resistance to lung expansion, which can worsen the ventilation and oxygenation in clients with ARDS. Pancuronium does not affect the chest wall compliance, but rather the muscle tone.

Choice C reason: Decreasing respiratory secretions is not the correct purpose of pancuronium. Respiratory secretions are the mucus and fluid that are produced by the respiratory tract to moisten and protect the airways. Decreasing respiratory secretions can cause dryness and irritation of the mucous membranes, which can increase the risk of infection and inflammation. Pancuronium does not affect the respiratory secretions, but rather the nerve impulses.

Choice D reason: Inducing sedation is not the correct purpose of pancuronium. Sedation is a state of reduced consciousness, awareness, or responsiveness. Inducing sedation can help to reduce anxiety, pain, and agitation in clients who are mechanically ventilated. Pancuronium does not induce sedation, but rather paralysis. Pancuronium does not affect the central nervous system, but rather the peripheral nervous system. The nurse should administer a sedative agent, such as propofol or midazolam, along with pancuronium to ensure the client's comfort and safety.

A. Migraines B. Glaucoma C. Asthma D. Depression

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Migraines are not a contraindication for propranolol. In fact, propranolol is used as a prophylactic treatment for migraines, as it reduces the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.

Choice B reason: Glaucoma is not a contraindication for propranolol. Propranolol does not affect the intraocular pressure or the drainage of aqueous humor in the eye.

Choice C reason: Asthma is a contraindication for propranolol. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-blocker, which means it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors in the body. Beta-2 receptors are found in the bronchial smooth muscle, and when they are blocked, they cause bronchoconstriction and increased airway resistance. This can worsen the symptoms of asthma and cause a life-threatening asthma attack.

Choice D reason: Depression is not a contraindication for propranolol. Propranolol does not cause depression, although it may cause some side effects such as fatigue, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction. However, these side effects are usually mild and reversible.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is on warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation. The client's INR is 5.2. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requires mechanical ventilation. The client receives a prescription for pancuronium. The nurse recognizes that this medication is for which of the following purposes?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and asks the nurse about a prescription for propranolol. The nurse should inform the client that this medication is contraindicated in clients who have a history of which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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