A nurse is caring for a client who recently gave birth. The nurse notices the newborn is displaying manifestations of opioid withdrawal. The nurse should recognize the newborn's manifestations as signs of which of the following conditions?

Neonatal abstinence syndrome

Substance use disorder

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Tolerance

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs in newborns who have been exposed to opioids or other addictive substances while in the womb, typically due to maternal substance use during pregnancy.

B. The term "substance use disorder" typically refers to the condition in the person who is using the substance, rather than the manifestations experienced by the newborn.

C. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) occurs in infants born to mothers who consumed alcohol during pregnancy. It is characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities, including growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and intellectual disabilities.

D. Tolerance refers to the body's decreased response to a substance due to repeated exposure. While tolerance can develop in both the mother and the fetus when opioids are used during pregnancy, the manifestations observed in the newborn, such as irritability, tremors, and feeding difficulties, are not indicative of tolerance.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A lack of emotions, also known as flat affect or emotional blunting, is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia. It refers to a reduced range or intensity of emotional expression, such as reduced facial expressions, tone of voice, or gestures.

B. Paranoia is not a negative symptom but rather a positive symptom of schizophrenia.

C. Confusion may occur in schizophrenia, but it is not specific to negative symptoms. Confusion can be a result of various factors, including medication side effects, acute psychosis, or cognitive deficits.

D. Distorted beliefs, such as delusions, are considered positive symptoms rather than negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

A. HIV infection B. Alzheimer's disease C. Prion disease D. Substance use disorder

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.

A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.

C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.

D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.

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A nurse is caring for a client who recently gave birth. The nurse notices the newborn is displaying manifestations of opioid withdrawal. The nurse should recognize the newborn's manifestations as signs of which of the following conditions?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as a negative symptom?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing a client's MRI results that show cortical thinning. The nurse should identify that this finding is evident in which of the following types of dementia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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