A nurse is caring for a client who reports that he is angry with his partner because she thinks he is just trying to gain attention.
When the nurse attempts to talk to the client, he becomes angry and tells her to leave.
Which of the following defense mechanisms is the client demonstrating?

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications? The correct answer is Choice D: Methylphenidate.

Choice A rationale:

Lithium is not a medication used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is primarily used to manage bipolar disorder.

Choice B rationale:

Valproate is also not a medication typically prescribed for ADHD. It is primarily used for seizure disorders and mood stabilization in conditions like bipolar disorder.

Choice C rationale:

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder but is not a first-line treatment for ADHD. It may be considered in cases of severe aggression or agitation associated with ADHD, but it is not the initial choice.

Choice D rationale:

Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of ADHD in children. It helps improve focus and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is a first-line treatment for ADHD, making it the most appropriate choice for a child with this diagnosis. .

Choice A rationale:

(Statement then rationale) Choice A is the correct option. A blood pH of 7.60 indicates severe metabolic alkalosis, which is a life-threatening condition. Metabolic alkalosis can lead to various complications, including cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and even seizures. Immediate intervention is required to address the underlying cause and correct the pH imbalance. The nurse should initiate treatments to restore the acid-base balance promptly.

Choice B rationale:

(Statement then rationale) Choice B is not the correct option. While a BUN level of 21 mg/dL is above the normal range, it alone does not require immediate intervention. Elevated BUN can be caused by various factors and may not be immediately life-threatening. It is important to assess the client's overall clinical condition and consider other lab values to make a comprehensive assessment.

Choice C rationale:

(Statement then rationale) Choice C is not the correct option. +2 edema of the lower extremities, while indicating fluid retention, is not an immediate life-threatening condition. Edema should be assessed and addressed, but it does not require emergency intervention as much as a severely altered blood pH does.

Choice D rationale:

(Statement then rationale) Choice D is also not the correct answer. Lanugo covering the body is a physical manifestation often seen in clients with anorexia nervosa and indicates malnutrition. While it is concerning and requires attention, it is not an acute, life-threatening issue. Nutritional rehabilitation and support are needed, but immediate intervention is necessary for the severe metabolic alkalosis indicated by a blood pH of 7.60. Now, let's proceed to the next question.