A nurse is caring for a toddler who has von Willebrand disease. The toddler's parents are concerned about the bleeding risk with vaccinations. Which of the following is accurate information the nurse should share with the parents?

A. "A deep wound that has come in contact with soil, dirt, or dust could become infected with tetanus.": Tetanus spores are commonly found in soil and dust. Deep or puncture wounds provide an anaerobic environment for Clostridium tetani, making infection possible, so this is accurate.

B. "A minor wound that is not a puncture wound is not sufficient enough to allow tetanus to enter the body.": Even minor wounds can become infected if contaminated; tetanus spores can enter through small cuts, making this statement inaccurate.

C. "Wounds that come in contact with contaminated animal feces can cause tetanus.": Animal feces may harbor Clostridium tetani, so wounds exposed to contaminated feces are a recognized risk factor for tetanus infection.

D. "Newborns are at risk if their parent is unvaccinated or gives birth in unsanitary conditions.": Neonatal tetanus can occur in infants born to unvaccinated mothers or in non-sterile birth environments, making this a valid point for preventive education.

E. "Since there is no treatment for tetanus once acquired, vaccination is very important.": Vaccination is the primary preventive measure because treatment after infection is complex and outcomes can be severe, highlighting the importance of immunization.

A. Wipe the genitals from back to front: Wiping from back to front increases the risk of introducing bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, which can contribute to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Caregivers should be instructed to wipe from front to back.

B. Use nylon underwear: Nylon or synthetic underwear can trap moisture and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, increasing UTI risk. Cotton underwear is recommended for better ventilation and moisture absorption.

C. Encourage frequent trips to the toilet: Encouraging regular urination helps prevent urine stasis in the bladder, reducing the risk of bacterial growth and UTIs. Scheduled toilet trips are particularly important for children with vesicoureteral reflux.

D. Avoid bubble baths: Bubble baths and harsh soaps can irritate the urethra and perineal area, increasing susceptibility to UTIs. Plain water or mild soap is recommended during bathing.

E. Limit fluid intake: Limiting fluids can concentrate urine and reduce the frequency of urination, both of which increase the risk of UTIs. Adequate hydration is essential to flush bacteria from the urinary tract.