A nurse is caring for a young adult client in the emergency department.
For each assessment finding below, click to specify if the assessment finding is consistent with Compartment Syndrome, Fat Embolism Syndrome, or Deep Vein Thrombosis. Each finding may support more than one disease process.
Location of pain
Temperature of extremity
Respiratory assessment
Skin assessment
Nail bed assessment
Location of edema
Neurological status
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,C"},"B":{"answers":"A,C"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"A"},"F":{"answers":"A,C"},"G":{"answers":"B"}}
Rationale:
- Location of pain: Severe pain out of proportion to the injury, especially with passive stretch, is a classic sign of compartment syndrome. DVT also presents with localized pain in the affected limb, typically worsening over time due to venous congestion.
- Temperature of extremity (Compartment Syndrome & DVT): A cool extremity in compartment syndrome indicates compromised arterial blood flow due to increased pressure within the fascial compartment. In DVT, the extremity may be warm early on, but impaired circulation can eventually result in coolness and cyanosis.
- Nail bed assessment (Compartment Syndrome): Cyanotic or dusky nail beds reflect inadequate oxygen delivery from restricted blood flow, commonly seen in advanced compartment syndrome. This is a late and critical sign requiring urgent intervention to prevent permanent tissue damage.
- Location of edema (Compartment Syndrome & DVT): Localized swelling occurs in compartment syndrome due to rising intracompartmental pressure. In DVT, venous obstruction leads to fluid accumulation and unilateral leg edema, often accompanied by warmth and discomfort.
- Respiratory assessment (Fat Embolism Syndrome): FES often presents with sudden onset dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia due to fat globules entering the pulmonary circulation. These respiratory symptoms typically arise 24–72 hours after long bone trauma.
- Skin assessment (Fat Embolism Syndrome): A petechial rash, especially on the chest, upper arms, and neck, is a distinguishing feature of FES. It results from occlusion of dermal capillaries by fat globules and is considered a hallmark sign of the condition.
- Neurological status (Fat Embolism Syndrome): Altered mental status, confusion, and decreased alertness can occur in FES due to cerebral fat embolization. Neurologic involvement differentiates FES from other conditions like DVT or compartment syndrome, which typically do not cause cognitive changes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. "I understand that I need to inspect my feet daily."Daily foot inspection is essential for individuals with diabetes to identify any cuts, blisters, or signs of infection early. Reduced sensation due to peripheral neuropathy can lead to unnoticed injuries that progress to serious complications if untreated.
B. "I will dry my feet thoroughly when I get out of the shower." Keeping the feet dry, especially between the toes, helps prevent fungal infections and skin breakdown. Moist environments encourage fungal growth, which can worsen foot health in diabetic clients.
C. "It is important to apply lotion to my feet and especially my toes to keep my skin in good health." While moisturizing helps prevent dry, cracked skin, lotion should not be applied between the toes. Moisture trapped between the toes increases the risk of fungal infections and skin maceration in diabetic clients.
D. "I will be very careful when I cut my toenails and will be sure to cut them straight across and then file the edges with an emery board." Cutting toenails straight across and filing the edges helps prevent ingrown toenails and reduces the risk of accidental skin injury. Diabetic clients are advised to be cautious during nail care due to impaired healing and infection risk.
E. "I will wear closed toed shoes." Wearing closed-toed shoes protects the feet from injury and trauma. Open-toed shoes or sandals may expose the feet to injury, and diabetic clients may not feel injuries due to neuropathy.
F. "I am glad I can still go barefoot in the house because I never wear shoes at home."Going barefoot, even indoors, increases the risk of stepping on sharp objects and sustaining unnoticed injuries. Clients with diabetes should always wear well-fitting shoes or protective footwear, even at home.
G. "If I have any foot sores or corns come up, I will see my doctor or go to a podiatrist instead of treating it myself." Diabetic clients should avoid self-treating foot problems like sores or corns. Prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider prevents complications like infections or ulcers, which can escalate quickly in this population.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Fever: While fever may occur in pericarditis due to inflammation or infection, it is not specific to cardiac tamponade. It reflects a systemic inflammatory response rather than a mechanical complication like fluid accumulation compressing the heart.
B. Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation may develop in some cardiac conditions, including pericarditis, but it is not a hallmark feature of cardiac tamponade. It does not directly reflect the hemodynamic compromise seen with tamponade.
C. Paradoxical pulse: Paradoxical pulse (pulsus paradoxus) is a key sign of cardiac tamponade. It refers to an exaggerated decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration, caused by restricted ventricular filling from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, leading to reduced cardiac output.
D. Pericardial friction rub: A pericardial friction rub is a classic finding in acute pericarditis due to inflamed pericardial surfaces rubbing together, but it is not typically heard in cardiac tamponade, where fluid accumulation muffles heart sounds.
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