A nurse is caring for an older adult patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The patient always remains in a sitting position to help them breathe more easily. Based on this information, what area on the patient's body should be frequently assessed for skin breakdown?

Elbows and behind the ears

Coccyx and back of the skull

Heels and trochanter

Sacrum and ischium

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Elbows and behind the ears: These areas are not primary pressure points in a seated position.

B. Coccyx and back of the skull: The coccyx is a pressure point when lying down, but this patient is sitting most of the time.

C. Heels and trochanter: Heels are at risk in supine patients, but this patient is primarily sitting.

D. Sacrum and ischium: The sacrum and ischium (sit bones) bear the most pressure in a seated position, making them highly vulnerable to skin breakdown.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. It is painful to sit on a bedpan. Discomfort may be a factor, but pain alone does not explain the difficulty in having a bowel movement.
B. The position encourages the Valsalva maneuver. The Valsalva maneuver (straining against a closed airway) can occur in any position, but posture is the primary problem here.
C. The position does not facilitate downward pressure. The seated position allows for gravity and proper abdominal muscle engagement, making defecation easier. Lying down does not facilitate intra-abdominal pressure.
D. The cause is unknown and requires further study. The relationship between position and defecation is well understood in physiology.

A. Call for assistance. B. Assist the patient in sitting down on the bed. C. Assess the vital signs for orthostatic hypotension. D. Notify the provider

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Call for assistance. While calling for help may be necessary if the patient becomes unresponsive or falls, the priority action is to ensure their safety immediately by helping them sit down.

B. Assist the patient in sitting down on the bed. The patient is experiencing dizziness upon standing, which could indicate orthostatic hypotension or another condition. The best immediate action is to help them sit down to prevent a fall or further complications.

C. Assess the vital signs for orthostatic hypotension. While assessing for orthostatic hypotension is important, it should be done after ensuring the patient is safe by sitting them down.

D. Notify the provider. The provider may need to be informed if the dizziness persists or if there is an underlying medical issue. Still, immediate intervention (sitting the patient down) takes priority before notifying the provider.

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A nurse is caring for an older adult patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The patient always remains in a sitting position to help them breathe more easily. Based on this information, what area on the patient's body should be frequently assessed for skin breakdown?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is having difficulty having a bowel movement laying on the bedpan. What is the physiologic reason for this problem?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient has called the nurse to help them ambulate to the bathroom. The nurse assists the patient to a dangling position on the bed and applied the gait belt. Upon standing, the patient reports that they are feeling very dizzy. What is the next best action by the nurse?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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