A nurse is caring for several clients who are at various developmental stages. The nurse should explain that, according to Erikson, acceptance of death is a primary task of which of the following stages of psychosocial development?
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Identity vs. role diffusion
Integrity vs. despair
Generativity vs. stagnation
The Correct Answer is C
A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt focuses on developing a sense of independence and autonomy in early childhood (around 1-3 years old). It does not directly involve acceptance of death.
B. Identity vs. role diffusion pertains to adolescence (around 12-18 years old) and involves the development of a sense of self and one's role in society. It does not specifically address the acceptance of death.
C. Integrity vs. despair is the stage that occurs in late adulthood (65 years and older), where individuals reflect on their lives. Acceptance of death is a significant aspect of achieving a sense of integrity during this stage.
D. Generativity vs. stagnation occurs in adulthood (around 40-65 years old) and involves concerns about contributing to the next generation and leaving a legacy. While mortality may be a consideration, it is not the primary task of this stage.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
a. Hypertension and crackles:
While hypertension can be associated with various conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases or stress, it is not directly related to the cessation of TPN infusion.
Crackles in the lungs are often indicative of fluid accumulation or inflammation, commonly seen in conditions like pneumonia or heart failure. They are not typically associated with the interruption of TPN infusion.
b. Fever and chills:
Fever and chills can be symptoms of infection or inflammatory processes in the body. However, they are not specifically related to the interruption of TPN infusion.
In the context of TPN cessation, the focus would be on metabolic changes rather than infectious processes.
c. Excessive thirst and urination:
Excessive thirst and urination are classic symptoms of hyperglycemia, which can occur when TPN, particularly if it contains a high glucose concentration, is abruptly interrupted.
When TPN infusion stops, there is no longer a continuous supply of glucose to the body, leading to increased blood glucose levels and subsequent polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst) as the body tries to eliminate excess glucose.
d. Shakiness and diaphoresis:
Shakiness and diaphoresis (excessive sweating) are classic symptoms of hypoglycemia, which can occur if TPN, particularly if it contains a high concentration of insulin, is abruptly interrupted.
TPN solutions often contain glucose and insulin to maintain proper blood glucose levels. If the infusion is stopped suddenly, there may be a rapid decline in blood glucose levels, leading to hypoglycemia, which manifests as shakiness, diaphoresis, confusion, and other neuroglycopenic symptoms.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. After palpating the abdomen is not the ideal time to auscultate bowel sounds.
Palpation may stimulate bowel sounds and potentially give a false impression of their presence or absence.
B. Prior to percussing the abdomen is the correct sequence. Auscultation of bowel sounds should be done before any other abdominal assessment techniques, including percussion or palpation. This allows the nurse to accurately hear any existing bowel sounds without interference.
C. Prior to inspecting the abdomen is not the ideal time for auscultation. Inspection focuses on visual examination and assessment, which does not involve listening for bowel sounds.
D. After assessing for kidney tenderness is not the correct timing for auscultating bowel sounds. Assessing for kidney tenderness involves a different aspect of the physical examination and does not influence bowel sound assessment.
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