A nurse is collecting data from a client who is experiencing opioid withdrawal. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Diarrhea
Meiosis
Bradycardia
Hypokinesis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Diarrhea is a common symptom of opioid withdrawal. Opioids slow down gastrointestinal motility, so when their use is discontinued, it can lead to increased peristalsis and diarrhea. This occurs due to the rebound effect of the gastrointestinal tract.
B. Opioids typically cause pupil constriction (pinpoint pupils) when they are active in the body. During withdrawal, the opposite occurs, and pupils dilate (mydriasis). However, the question asks about withdrawal symptoms, not effects of opioid use, so this would not be expected in opioid withdrawal.
C. Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with opioid withdrawal. Instead, opioid withdrawal can cause tachycardia (rapid heart rate) due to the sympathetic nervous system activation that occurs during withdrawal.
D. Hypokinesis refers to decreased movement or activity, which is not a typical symptom of opioid withdrawal. Instead, opioid withdrawal often presents with symptoms such as restlessness, agitation, and muscle aches, which are indicative of hyperactivity rather than hypokinesis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is not a common side effect of haloperidol. Therefore, this statement does not indicate an accurate understanding of the medication's potential side effects.
B. Urinary incontinence is also not typically associated with haloperidol. Therefore, this statement does not reflect correct knowledge about the medication.
C. Haloperidol can indeed make individuals more sensitive to sunlight, and patients are often advised to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun and to use sunscreen when outdoors.
D. Haloperidol is not associated with any form of dygeusia
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Reaction formation is a defense mechanism where an individual expresses feelings or impulses that are the opposite of their anxiety-provoking unconscious feelings. For example, someone who harbors unconscious aggressive feelings might demonstrate exaggerated friendliness. However, this defense mechanism is more about behaviors and attitudes rather than physical manifestations.
B. Somatization is the conversion of psychological distress into physical symptoms. It involves experiencing physical symptoms, such as pain or illness, without a clear medical cause. This defense mechanism is common in individuals with anxiety disorders who may manifest their anxiety through physical complaints rather than acknowledging their emotional distress.
C. Sublimation involves channeling unacceptable impulses or emotions into socially acceptable behaviors. It does not typically involve physical manifestations but rather a redirection of emotions or impulses into constructive activities. For example, someone with aggressive impulses might channel them into sports or artistic pursuits.
D. Intellectualization is a defense mechanism where reasoning and logic are used to distance oneself from uncomfortable or threatening feelings. It involves focusing on facts and avoiding emotions associated with a situation. This mechanism is more cognitive and may involve discussing or analyzing anxiety-inducing situations in a detached, rational manner.
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