A nurse is educating a client about pain management with opioids. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Diarrhea is a common adverse effect of opioids.

Opioids can increase urinary output.

Long-term use of opioids may cause dependence.

Tolerance to opioids will require a decreased dose.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Diarrhea is a common adverse effect of opioids. This statement is incorrect. Opioids commonly cause constipation, not diarrhea, as they slow down gastrointestinal motility.
B. Opioids can increase urinary output. This statement is incorrect. Opioids can actually cause urinary retention rather than increasing urinary output.
C. Long-term use of opioids may cause dependence. This statement is correct. Long-term use of opioids can lead to physical dependence, where the body adapts to the drug, and withdrawal symptoms occur if the drug is abruptly discontinued.
D. Tolerance to opioids will require a decreased dose. This statement is incorrect. Tolerance to opioids means that over time, higher doses of the drug are needed to achieve the same level of pain relief, not a decreased dose.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Elevated hematocrit level can indicate hemoconcentration due to fluid volume deficit. When there is a decrease in plasma volume, the concentration of red blood cells increases, leading to a higher hematocrit level.
B. Weight gain is typically associated with fluid retention, not fluid volume deficit. In heart failure, weight gain can indicate worsening fluid overload.
C. Shortness of breath is a common symptom of fluid overload in heart failure, not fluid volume deficit. It occurs due to pulmonary congestion and edema.
D. Distended neck veins are a sign of increased central venous pressure, often seen in fluid overload rather than fluid volume deficit.

A. Headache B. Hypotension C. Chest pain D. Extravasation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Headache can be a side effect of dopamine infusion but does not necessarily indicate the need to increase the infusion rate. It is important to monitor and manage the headache, but it is not a direct indicator of inadequate perfusion or shock management.
B. Hypotension indicates that the current rate of dopamine infusion is not sufficient to maintain adequate blood pressure and perfusion. In the context of septic shock, maintaining an adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP) is crucial to ensure organ perfusion and prevent further complications. Increasing the dopamine infusion rate can help achieve the desired MAP and stabilize the patient’s condition.
C. Chest pain is a concerning symptom that requires immediate evaluation but is not directly related to the need to increase dopamine infusion. Chest pain could indicate myocardial ischemia or other cardiac issues, which may require different interventions.
D. Extravasation refers to the leakage of dopamine into the surrounding tissue, which can cause local tissue damage. This is a complication of IV therapy and requires immediate attention, but it does not indicate the need to increase the infusion rate. Instead, the infusion site should be assessed, and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent further extravasation.

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A nurse is educating a client about pain management with opioids. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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