A nurse is educating a client who is experiencing sleep disturbances and desires to decrease caffeine intake. Which of the following beverages should the nurse recommend?

A. Continue to talk to the client as if they are awake: Even though the client is unresponsive, hearing can be the last sense to diminish as death approaches. Speaking to the client in a calm and reassuring manner can provide comfort and a sense of presence, even if the client cannot respond verbally.

B. Limit the client's visitors to one at a time: While it's important to manage visitors to prevent overwhelming the client, limiting them to one at a time may not be necessary if the client's condition allows for multiple visitors and the client's wishes or cultural preferences support it.

C. Avoid touching the client: Touch can be a powerful form of communication and comfort, even for an unresponsive client. Gentle touch can convey warmth and support to both the client and their family members.

D. Whisper when talking in the client's room: Whispering may create a sense of unease or anxiety for the client or their family members. Speaking in a calm and soothing voice at a normal volume is more appropriate and can help create a peaceful environment for the client's end-of-life care.

A) Reduced respiratory rate:
Acute pain typically triggers an increased respiratory rate rather than a reduced one. Pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased respiratory effort as the body prepares to fight or flee.

B) Elevated blood pressure:
Elevated blood pressure is a common physiological response to acute pain. Pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the release of stress hormones like adrenaline, which constrict blood vessels and increase heart rate and blood pressure.

C) Constricted pupils:
Pain often causes pupil dilation rather than constriction. The body's fight-or-flight response to pain involves pupil dilation to enhance visual acuity and peripheral vision, allowing individuals to detect potential threats in their environment.

D) Decreased heart rate:
Acute pain typically results in an increased heart rate rather than a decreased one. Pain triggers the release of adrenaline, which increases heart rate as part of the body's stress response to prepare for action.