A nurse instructs a class of older adult women about Kegel exercises. In which of the following urinary conditions would Kegel exercises be effective?

Functional incontinence

Stress incontinence

Urinary retention

Fecal incontinence

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Functional incontinence: Functional incontinence occurs when a person has difficulty reaching the toilet due to physical or cognitive impairments, such as mobility issues or dementia. Kegel exercises, which focus on strengthening the pelvic floor muscles, would not directly address the underlying causes of functional incontinence.

B. Stress incontinence: Stress incontinence is characterized by the involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising. Kegel exercises are specifically designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which can help support the bladder and reduce the occurrence of stress incontinence.

C. Urinary retention: Urinary retention refers to the inability to empty the bladder completely. While Kegel exercises may help improve bladder control, they are not typically used to address urinary retention, which often requires other interventions such as medications, catheterization, or surgery.

D. Fecal incontinence: Fecal incontinence involves the involuntary leakage of stool. Kegel exercises are not effective for addressing fecal incontinence, as they primarily target the pelvic floor muscles involved in urinary control, not bowel control. Treatment for fecal incontinence may include dietary modifications, medications, pelvic floor rehabilitation, or surgical interventions, depending on the underlying cause.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Chronic drainage of fluid through the incision site:
While chronic drainage of fluid through the incision site can be a sign of wound complications, such as infection or poor wound healing, it is not as specific an indicator of impending wound dehiscence as the patient's report of "something giving way."

B. Report by patient that something has given way:
A patient reporting that something has given way is a significant indicator of potential wound dehiscence. Wound dehiscence refers to the partial or complete separation of the layers of a surgical wound, which can occur due to various factors such as poor wound healing, infection, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Patients may describe a sensation of "something giving way" or "popping" if the wound starts to separate.

C. Drainage that is odorous and purulent:
Odorous and purulent drainage from an incision site may indicate an infection, which can contribute to wound dehiscence. However, this finding alone may not necessarily indicate immediate wound dehiscence.

D. Protrusion of visceral organs through a wound opening:
Protrusion of visceral organs through a wound opening is a severe complication known as evisceration, which is the most advanced stage of wound dehiscence. While this finding is indicative of a significant wound complication, it typically occurs after the initial separation of wound layers. Therefore, it is not an early sign that would alert the nurse to potential wound dehiscence

A. Excessive thirst and urination B. Shakiness and diaphoresis C. Hypertension and crackles D. Fever and chills

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Excessive thirst and urination:
Excessive thirst and urination are symptoms typically associated with hyperglycemia, where there is a high level of glucose in the blood, often related to diabetes. When TPN is stopped suddenly, the concern is more about hypoglycemia due to the abrupt lack of glucose infusion, not hyperglycemia.

B. Shakiness and diaphoresis:
When TPN is suddenly interrupted, the continuous supply of glucose that the patient relies on is abruptly halted. This can lead to a rapid drop in blood sugar levels, causing hypoglycemia. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include shakiness, diaphoresis (sweating), confusion, and even loss of consciousness if not promptly addressed. Monitoring for shakiness and diaphoresis is crucial in this scenario to prevent severe hypoglycemia.

C. Hypertension and crackles:
These symptoms are typically indicative of fluid overload or heart failure. While TPN can contribute to fluid overload if not managed properly, the immediate concern with the cessation of TPN is the lack of glucose and potential hypoglycemia, not fluid overload.

D. Fever and chills:
Fever and chills are generally signs of an infection, such as sepsis. While infections can be a complication of TPN due to the intravenous route of administration, they are not directly related to the sudden stopping of TPN. The primary concern when TPN stops unexpectedly is the risk of hypoglycemia due to the cessation of glucose infusion.

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A nurse instructs a class of older adult women about Kegel exercises. In which of the following urinary conditions would Kegel exercises be effective?

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