A nurse is educating a client with tuberculosis about the importance of adhering to the prescribed regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for six months.
The nurse should explain that this combination of drugs is necessary to:
“Prevent the development of acquired resistance”
“Enhance the selective toxicity of each drug”
“Increase the penetration of drugs into the lungs”
“Reduce the adverse effects of each drug"
The Correct Answer is A
This means that the combination of drugs reduces the chances of the bacteria becoming resistant to one or more of the drugs, which would make the treatment ineffective.
Choice B is wrong because “enhance the selective toxicity of each drug” means that the drugs would target only the bacteria and not harm the host cells, which is not the main reason for using a combination of drugs.
Choice C is wrong because “increase the penetration of drugs into the lungs” means that the drugs would reach the site of infection more easily, which is not the main reason for using a combination of drugs.
Choice D is wrong because “reduce the adverse effects of each drug” means that the drugs would have less side effects when used together, which is not the main reason for using a combination of drugs. In fact, some of these drugs can have serious side effects such as liver damage, vision loss, or nerve damage.
Normal ranges for rifampin are 8-24 mcg/mL, for isoniazid are 1-6 mcg/mL, for pyrazinamide are 20-60 mcg/mL, and for ethambutol are 2-6 mcg/mL.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
This means that the combination of drugs reduces the chances of the bacteria becoming resistant to one or more of the drugs, which would make the treatment ineffective.
Choice B is wrong because “enhance the selective toxicity of each drug” means that the drugs would target only the bacteria and not harm the host cells, which is not the main reason for using a combination of drugs.
Choice C is wrong because “increase the penetration of drugs into the lungs” means that the drugs would reach the site of infection more easily, which is not the main reason for using a combination of drugs.
Choice D is wrong because “reduce the adverse effects of each drug” means that the drugs would have less side effects when used together, which is not the main reason for using a combination of drugs.In fact, some of these drugs can have serious side effects such as liver damage, vision loss, or nerve damage.
Normal ranges for rifampin are 8-24 mcg/mL, for isoniazid are 1-6 mcg/mL, for pyrazinamide are 20-60 mcg/mL, and for ethambutol are 2-6 mcg/mL.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
This means that the higher the dose and the longer the duration of aminoglycoside therapy, the greater the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, which are damage to the kidneys and ears respectively.These adverse effects are irreversible because they cause permanent damage to the cells of these organs.
Choice A is wrong because dose-dependent and reversible implies that the adverse effects can be reversed by lowering the dose or stopping the therapy, which is not true for aminoglycosides.
Choice C is wrong because time-dependent and reversible implies that the adverse effects are related to the length of exposure and can be reversed by shortening the therapy, which is also not true for aminoglycosides.
Choice D is wrong because time-dependent and irreversible implies that the adverse effects are related to the length of exposure and cannot be reversed by shortening the therapy, which is partly true but not as accurate as choice B.
Normal ranges for BUN are 7 to 20 mg/dL and for creatinine are 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women.Signs of nephrotoxicity include increased BUN and creatinine levels, decreased urine output, proteinuria, hematuria, and casts in urine.Signs of ototoxicity include tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, vertigo, and headache
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