A nurse is educating the parents of a 2-year-old child diagnosed with atopic dermatitis about managing pruritus and preventing skin irritation. Which parental action best supports prevention of worsening symptoms?

Constantly reminding the child to stop scratching to prevent skin damage.

Applying topical moisturizers regularly to maintain skin hydration.

Administering oral antibiotics to prevent secondary infections from scratching.

Preparing hot baths for the child to soothe the itching skin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Constantly reminding the child to stop scratching to prevent skin damage: Verbal reminders alone are ineffective in controlling pruritus in toddlers, as scratching is often involuntary and exacerbated by dry or irritated skin.

B. Applying topical moisturizers regularly to maintain skin hydration: Frequent use of emollients helps restore the skin barrier, reduces dryness, and prevents itching and flare-ups, which is a primary strategy in managing atopic dermatitis.

C. Administering oral antibiotics to prevent secondary infections from scratching: Antibiotics are only indicated if a secondary bacterial infection is present. Routine prophylactic use is unnecessary and does not prevent the initial skin irritation.

D. Preparing hot baths for the child to soothe the itching skin: Hot water can further dry and irritate the skin, worsening pruritus and increasing the risk of flare-ups. Lukewarm baths are recommended instead.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "It is caused primarily by a combination of genetic factors and maternal environmental exposures during early pregnancy, such as smoking, certain medications, and infections.": Cleft lip results from incomplete fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes during early embryonic development,. Both genetic predisposition and environmental exposures, including maternal smoking, alcohol use, certain medications and infections, increase the risk.

B. "A cleft lip is due to an abnormal autoimmune response.": Autoimmune responses are not considered a primary cause of cleft lip. The defect occurs during early facial development, not as a result of immune-mediated processes.

C. "Intrauterine hypoxia causing tissue necrosis of the lip during the third trimester.": Tissue necrosis in the third trimester cannot cause a cleft lip, as the structural fusion occurs much earlier in embryogenesis.

D. "Postnatal trauma to the upper lip during delivery.": Cleft lip is a congenital malformation present at birth, not a result of trauma during delivery. Postnatal injury cannot create this congenital defect.

A. Assess the stoma site monthly to minimize disruption to the client's routine. B. Consult the wound-ostomy team for guidance on treating irritated or broken skin around the stoma. C. Change the ostomy appliance daily regardless of the condition of the stoma site. D. Empty the ostomy's stool output only when the collection appliance is full to capacity.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Assess the stoma site monthly to minimize disruption to the client's routine: Stoma assessment should be performed at least daily, especially in pediatric clients, to monitor for changes in color, size, and skin integrity, rather than monthly.

B. Consult the wound-ostomy team for guidance on treating irritated or broken skin around the stoma: Involving a wound-ostomy-continence (WOC) nurse ensures specialized care for peristomal skin breakdown and helps prevent complications, which is essential for maintaining the stoma and surrounding tissue.

C. Change the ostomy appliance daily regardless of the condition of the stoma site: Routine daily changes are unnecessary and can irritate the skin. Appliance changes should be based on the condition of the skin and the integrity of the pouch system.

D. Empty the ostomy's stool output only when the collection appliance is full to capacity: Waiting until the appliance is full can increase the risk of leakage, skin breakdown, and odor. It is recommended to empty the pouch when it is one-third to one-half full.

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A nurse is educating the parents of a 2-year-old child diagnosed with atopic dermatitis about managing pruritus and preventing skin irritation. Which parental action best supports prevention of worsening symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

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