A nurse is evaluating the outcomes of interventions for an older adult client who has diabetes, depression and hearing loss. The nurse wants to support the dignity, autonomy and quality of life of the client.

Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

The correct answer is B.

“You have done a great job managing your blood sugar levels and taking your medications.” This statement supports the dignity, autonomy and quality of life of the client by acknowledging their efforts and achievements in managing their chronic conditions.

It also reinforces positive behaviors and encourages self-care.

Choice A is wrong because it expresses pity and sympathy, which can undermine the client’s dignity and self-esteem.

It also does not address the client’s depression or hearing loss.

Choice C is wrong because it implies that the client is not doing enough to cope with their depression and hearing loss.

It also does not respect the client’s preferences and choices regarding their social activities.

Choice D is wrong because it is too directive and does not consider the client’s autonomy or reasons for not wearing their hearing aid.

It also does not address the client’s diabetes or depression.

Some of the nursing interventions for an older adult client who has diabetes, depression and hearing loss are:.

• Assessing the client’s physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual needs and providing individualized care.

• Promoting safety and preventing falls and injuries by removing environmental hazards, providing assistive devices, and educating the client on fall prevention strategies.

• Improving gas exchange and respiratory function by monitoring vital signs, oxygen saturation, breath sounds, and respiratory symptoms; administering oxygen therapy as prescribed; encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises; and promoting hydration.

• Managing hypothermia by monitoring temperature, skin color, and sensation; providing warm clothing, blankets, and fluids; and avoiding exposure to cold environments.

• Promoting adequate sleep and improving sleep patterns by assessing sleep quality and quantity; providing a quiet, dark, and comfortable environment; avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine before bedtime; encouraging relaxation techniques; and avoiding daytime naps.

• Restoring bowel function and managing constipation by assessing bowel habits, stool characteristics, and abdominal distension; encouraging a high-fiber diet, adequate fluid intake, and regular exercise; administering laxatives or enemas as prescribed; and educating the client on bowel health.

• Preventing aspiration by assessing swallowing ability, oral hygiene, and dentition; providing soft, moist, and easy-to-chew foods; elevating the head of the bed during and after meals; instructing the client to tilt their head forward when swallowing; and monitoring for signs of aspiration such as coughing, choking, or wheezing.

• Preventing fluid imbalance by assessing fluid intake and output, weight changes, skin turgor, mucous membranes, and edema; encouraging adequate fluid intake according to the client’s needs and preferences; administering intravenous fluids as prescribed; and educating the client on signs of dehydration or fluid overload.

A. “I’m sorry that you have to deal with these health problems.

It must be hard for you.” B.

“You have done a great job managing your blood sugar levels and taking your medications.” C.

“You should be more active and socialize more with other people.

It will make you feel better.” D.

“You need to wear your hearing aid at all times.

It will help you communicate better.”

The correct answer is B.

“You have the right to make your own choices about your health care and lifestyle.” This statement reflects the principle ofautonomy, which means respecting the client’s right to self-determination and decision-making.The nurse should empower the client to participate in their own care and promote their dignity and independence.

Choice A is wrong because it implies that the client should be passive and obedient, which does not respect their autonomy or preferences.

Choice C is wrong because it suggests that the client is dependent and helpless, which does not foster their self-esteem or confidence.

Choice D is wrong because it indicates that the client has no control or influence over their health condition, which does not encourage their coping or adaptation.

Normal aging is a gradual process that involves changes in all body systems, but does not necessarily lead to disability or disease.Health promotion strategies for older adults include maintaining physical activity, nutrition, hydration, immunization, social interaction, cognitive stimulation, and safety.The nurse should also be aware of the psychosocial needs of older adults, such as resolving conflicts between integrity and despair, according to Erikson’s theory of development.