A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has dementia and a nutritional deficit.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Serve the client soup in a mug.
Allow the client to cut up her own food.
Use colorful, patterned dishes to serve the client's meals.
Withhold fluids while the client is eating.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Serving soup in a mug promotes independence and is less likely to spill compared to a bowl, which is beneficial for a client with dementia who may have fine motor skill deficits. This action simplifies the eating process, reducing frustration and increasing the likelihood of successful nutrient intake. This is part of providing a safe and dignified environment for the patient.
Choice B rationale
Allowing a client with dementia to cut their own food can be dangerous due to impaired judgment, cognitive decline, and potential motor skill deficits, which increase the risk of injury. Providing pre-cut food is a safety measure that prevents accidental cuts or choking, ensuring the client's well-being and reducing caregiver burden.
Choice C rationale
Colorful, patterned dishes can cause perceptual distortions and visual confusion for a client with dementia due to changes in depth perception and visual-spatial processing. This can make it difficult for them to distinguish the food from the plate, leading to decreased food intake and increased frustration. It is better to use plain, solid-colored dishes.
Choice D rationale
Withholding fluids while a client is eating increases the risk of dehydration and can make swallowing solid foods more difficult, potentially leading to aspiration. It is important to encourage fluid intake throughout the meal to aid in chewing and swallowing, which supports hydration and nutritional status. *.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A healthcare surrogate, or proxy, is a person designated by the patient themselves through a legal document called a durable power of attorney for healthcare. The provider's role is to provide medical care, not to make legal decisions for the patient. The patient retains the autonomy to choose who will make decisions for them when they are unable to do so. This is a fundamental principle of patient self-determination and legal rights.
Choice B rationale
A patient's competency can fluctuate. In situations of temporary incapacity, such as during a surgical procedure with anesthesia or a period of severe illness, a health care surrogate may make decisions. However, once the patient regains competency and is able to make informed decisions for themselves, they automatically resume control of their health care. This is a core tenet of patient autonomy and the purpose of advance directives.
Choice C rationale
A healthcare surrogate does not have to be a family member. The person designated by the patient can be a friend, a partner, or any trusted individual. The only requirement is that the surrogate is an adult who is willing and able to make healthcare decisions on the patient's behalf. It is a legal designation, not a familial one, that is based on the patient's trust and personal wishes.
Choice D rationale
A provider is legally and ethically obligated to follow a patient's wishes as outlined in their advance directives, as long as those wishes are within the bounds of standard medical practice and are not medically futile. To go against a patient's documented wishes would be a violation of patient autonomy and a breach of the legal protections afforded by advance directives.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Determining the accepted standards for hand hygiene is the first and most critical step in an audit. Without a clear set of criteria, there is no basis for evaluating current practices. This standard serves as a benchmark against which all subsequent data will be measured, ensuring the audit is objective and that any deviations can be accurately identified.
Choice B rationale
Establishing data collection methods is a crucial step, but it must follow the establishment of standards. The methods for data collection, such as direct observation or surveys, must be designed to accurately measure adherence to the predetermined standards. Without standards, the data collected would lack context and a meaningful reference point for analysis.
Choice C rationale
Comparing facility data to established criteria is a subsequent step in the audit process. It involves analyzing the collected data to determine whether current practices align with the accepted standards. This comparison identifies gaps in compliance, but it can only be done after the standards have been defined and data has been collected.
Choice D rationale
Corrective measures are a final step in the quality improvement cycle. They are implemented after data has been collected, analyzed, and a need for change has been identified. Taking corrective action before an audit is completed would be premature and lacks an evidence-based foundation, potentially leading to ineffective or misdirected interventions. *.
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