A nurse is planning to teach a group of clients about heart healthy food choices at a community health fair. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

Limit egg yolks to five per week.

Limit meat intake to 10 oz per day.

Choose oily fish for two meals each week.

Choose ground beef that is 70% lean.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Limit egg yolks to five per week: Egg yolks are high in cholesterol, which can contribute to an increased risk of heart disease if consumed in large quantities. While limiting egg yolks can be beneficial, most current guidelines suggest a more flexible approach. Restricting them to five per week may not be the most accurate advice for a general heart-healthy diet.
B. Limit meat intake to 10 oz per day: 10 oz of lean meat a day is generally considered an acceptable amount for a heart-healthy diet however the recommendation could vary depending on the type of meat and its fat content. Instead, the focus should be on choosing lean proteins and limiting processed meats, rather than setting a strict limit on all meat consumption.
C. Choose oily fish for two meals each week: Oily fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering triglycerides, reducing inflammation, and improving overall heart health. Consuming oily fish twice a week is consistent with current dietary guidelines aimed at promoting cardiovascular health.
D. Choose ground beef that is 70% lean: Ground beef that is only 70% lean is considered too fatty for a heart-healthy diet, as it is high in saturated fats which can increase cholesterol levels and contribute to heart disease. It is more beneficial to choose leaner options like 90% lean ground beef or plant-based alternatives, which are lower in unhealthy fats and better for heart health.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Place the head of the client's bed to 30° for meals: Elevating the head of the bed to 30° is not sufficient to prevent aspiration in a client who has difficulty eating after a stroke. A 90° angle or as high as tolerated is typically recommended during meals to reduce the risk of aspiration and ensure safe swallowing. A lower elevation increases the chance of food or liquid entering the airway.
B. Encourage the client to chew on both sides of their mouth: Clients who have had a stroke often experience unilateral weakness, including facial and oral muscle weakness. Encouraging them to chew on both sides may not be feasible and can increase the risk of choking if one side of the mouth is significantly paralyzed. Instead, focusing on the stronger side for chewing is safer.
C. Describe food locations as if the client's plate were a clock: This technique is especially helpful for clients with visual field deficits, such as hemianopia, which is common after a stroke. Describing food using the clock method helps orient the client to the location of items on the plate, promoting independence and reducing frustration during meals.
D. Provide the client with wide-grip adaptive utensils: Wide-grip adaptive utensils are beneficial for clients with impaired fine motor skills or limited hand strength, which may occur after a stroke. However, while helpful, this intervention does not directly address the primary issue of difficulty eating due to perceptual or cognitive deficits.

A. Avoid feeding the infant more than once every 3 hr. B. Provide the newborn with 15 mL of sterile water each day. C. Store expressed milk in the refrigerator for up to 7 days. D. Feedings should begin within 1 hr after birth.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Avoid feeding the infant more than once every 3 hr: Newborns should be fed on demand, which typically occurs every 1-3 hours, but it can vary. Some babies may want to nurse more frequently, especially in the early days, for comfort or to stimulate milk production. Restricting feedings to a set time interval can hinder the infant's ability to receive enough nourishment.
B. Provide the newborn with 15 mL of sterile water each day: Breast milk or formula provides all the hydration and nutrition the infant needs. Offering water can interfere with the infant's intake of breast milk, which is essential for proper growth and development.
C. Store expressed milk in the refrigerator for up to 7 days: While expressed breast milk can be stored in the refrigerator, the recommended storage time is typically 3-5 days, not 7 days. Storing milk for longer periods may increase the risk of bacterial growth, which could compromise the milk's safety and quality.
D. Feedings should begin within 1 hour after birth: Initiating breastfeeding within the first hour after birth is critical for both mother and baby. Early initiation of breastfeeding helps establish a good milk supply, promotes bonding, and provides the newborn with colostrum, which is rich in antibodies and nutrients essential for the baby’s immune system and overall health.

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A nurse is planning to teach a group of clients about heart healthy food choices at a community health fair. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

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