A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy treatments. The client states, "I feel so nauseated after my treatments." Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client? (Select all that apply.)

Limit use of antiemetics until after first emesis.

Sit up for 1 hr after eating meals.

Eat foods low in carbohydrates.

Sip fluids shyly throughout the day.

Consume foods that are served cold.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

A. Limit use of antiemetics until after first emesis: Antiemetics are more effective when administered prophylactically before the onset of nausea. Waiting until after emesis can reduce their effectiveness and worsen the client's discomfort and nutritional status.
B. Sit up for 1 hr after eating meals: Sitting upright for at least an hour after meals helps prevent gastric reflux and reduces the likelihood of nausea and vomiting. It also promotes digestion by allowing gravity to aid in the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract, which can be especially beneficial for chemotherapy clients prone to delayed gastric emptying.
C. Eat foods low in carbohydrates: Carbohydrates, particularly simple ones like toast, rice, or crackers, are usually better tolerated during chemotherapy-induced nausea. Low-carbohydrate foods may be harder to digest and may not provide the quick energy or stomach-soothing effect that simple carbs do.
D. Sip fluids shyly throughout the day: Sipping fluids slowly throughout the day helps maintain hydration while avoiding the discomfort and nausea that can come from drinking large amounts at once. It also prevents dehydration, a common complication of chemotherapy. Gradual fluid intake is easier to tolerate and supports overall gastrointestinal comfort.
E. Consume foods that are served cold: Cold foods are generally better tolerated than hot or heavily seasoned ones during chemotherapy treatment. Hot foods can have strong odors that trigger nausea, while cold foods are often milder in smell and taste. Offering cold meals like yogurt, chilled fruits, or cold sandwiches can help reduce nausea severity.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Feedings should begin within 1 hr after birth. Initiating feeding within the first hour of life supports early bonding and helps stabilize the newborn’s blood glucose. This applies to both breastfed and bottle-fed infants and is considered a key component of newborn care.
B. Feedings can be controlled by gravity. Bottle feedings should not rely solely on gravity, as this can increase the risk of overfeeding and aspiration. Instead, caregivers should hold the bottle at an angle and watch for feeding cues, allowing the infant to suck and swallow at their own pace.
C. Feedings should be on demand. While on-demand feeding is typically encouraged with breastfeeding, bottle feeding is generally guided by scheduled intervals (e.g., every 3–4 hours) early on. Over time, bottle-fed infants may show hunger cues, but structured timing helps regulate intake initially.
D. Feedings may occur in clusters. Cluster feeding is common with breastfeeding due to variable milk flow and infant comfort needs. Bottle-fed infants usually have more consistent feeding patterns and are less likely to feed in unpredictable clusters.

A. "Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat." B. "Consume foods that are high in calcium." C. "Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day." D. "Increase intake of refined carbohydrates."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat": The DASH diet emphasizes reducing saturated fat intake to help lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk. Saturated fat should make up less than 6% of total daily calories. Consuming 10% of total calories from saturated fat exceeds this recommendation and can contribute to hypertension and atherosclerosis.
B. "Consume foods that are high in calcium": The DASH diet promotes the intake of calcium-rich foods, especially from low-fat or fat-free dairy products. Adequate calcium intake supports healthy blood pressure by helping to regulate vascular contraction and dilation. Including calcium-rich foods such as leafy greens, fortified plant milks, and dairy is an essential component of the DASH plan.
C. "Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day": The DASH diet recommends limiting sodium intake to no more than 2,300 milligrams per day, with a more beneficial goal of 1,500 milligrams for individuals with hypertension. A sodium limit of 3,200 milligrams per day is too high and could undermine the blood pressure-lowering benefits of the DASH diet.
D. "Increase intake of refined carbohydrates": Refined carbohydrates such as white bread, pastries, and sugary cereals are discouraged in the DASH diet. These foods can lead to blood sugar spikes and are often low in fiber and essential nutrients. Instead, the diet recommends whole grains, fruits, and vegetables that provide complex carbohydrates and fiber for better heart health.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy treatments. The client states, "I feel so nauseated after my treatments." Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client? (Select all that apply.)

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