A nurse is caring for a 30-month-old toddler and is preparing a nutritional snack. Which of the following foods is appropriate for the nurse to offer the toddler?

Cheese

Grapes

Plain popcorn

Raw carrots

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Cheese: Cheese is a developmental and nutritious snack for a 30-month-old toddler. It provides essential nutrients such as calcium and protein, which support bone development and growth. Cheese is also soft in texture and easy to chew, minimizing the risk of choking. Additionally, it can be cut into small, manageable pieces that are safe for toddlers to eat independently.
B. Grapes: Whole grapes are a choking hazard for children under the age of 4 due to their round shape and slippery texture. Even though they are nutritious, they should be cut into small, lengthwise pieces before offering them to toddlers. Offering whole grapes to a 30-month-old toddler puts the child at significant risk of aspiration or airway obstruction.
C. Plain popcorn: Popcorn is not safe for toddlers because it poses a high risk of choking. Its texture can be difficult for young children to chew thoroughly, and unpopped kernels or sharp edges can block or irritate the airway. Health authorities recommend avoiding popcorn until children are older and can chew food more effectively.
D. Raw carrots: Raw carrots are firm and hard to chew, making them a common choking hazard for toddlers. Unless they are cooked until soft or grated finely, they should not be given to young children. A 30-month-old toddler may not yet have the molar teeth or chewing coordination needed to handle raw vegetables safely.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Platelets 130,000/mm³ (150,000 to 400,000/mm³). This value is slightly below normal and indicates mild thrombocytopenia. While it should be monitored, it is not immediately life-threatening and does not typically require urgent intervention in the absence of active bleeding or symptoms.
B. Creatinine 1.3 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL). This level is slightly elevated and may suggest early renal impairment, which is a concern in clients with diabetes. However, it does not require urgent reporting unless there are signs of acute kidney injury or rapid progression.
C. Glucose 423 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL). This critically high blood glucose level indicates severe hyperglycemia and places the client at immediate risk for complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This finding requires prompt reporting and intervention to prevent further deterioration.
D. HbA1c 9% (4% to 5.99%). This value reflects poor long-term glycemic control and increases the risk of chronic complications, but it does not indicate an acute emergency. It requires follow-up, not immediate action.

A. Elevate the head of the bed. B. Attach the barrel of the syringe to the tube after removing the plunger. C. Insert air into the tube before pulling back gastric contents. D. Flush the tube with 30 mL water.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Elevate the head of the bed: Raising the head of the bed to at least 30 to 45 degrees is the first and most essential action to reduce the risk of aspiration during enteral feeding. This position helps ensure that the formula flows into the stomach by gravity and minimizes the potential for reflux of gastric contents into the lungs, which can lead to aspiration pneumonia.
B. Attach the barrel of the syringe to the tube after removing the plunger: This step is necessary for gravity-based enteral feeding when using a syringe. However, it should only be done after confirming tube placement and ensuring the patient is positioned properly. Attaching the syringe before proper safety precautions increases the risk of aspiration.
C. Insert air into the tube before pulling back gastric contents: Injecting air into the gastrostomy tube is part of the verification process to confirm tube placement, often followed by aspirating gastric contents. While this is important, it is not the very first action. The client's head must be elevated first to ensure safety before any manipulation of the tube begins.
D. Flush the tube with 30 mL water: Flushing is necessary to ensure tube patency and to prevent blockage before and after feedings. However, it is not the first step in the procedure. Elevating the head of the bed comes before flushing to prevent aspiration during any subsequent feeding or fluid administration.

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A nurse is caring for a 30-month-old toddler and is preparing a nutritional snack. Which of the following foods is appropriate for the nurse to offer the toddler?

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