A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who is pregnant and requires an increase in dietary iron. Which of the following foods is a source of heme iron that the nurse should include in the teaching?

Fortified cereals

Ground beef

Kale

Lima beans

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Fortified cereals: Fortified cereals are a good source of non-heme iron, which is iron added during processing and derived from plant sources or synthetic compounds. While helpful in increasing iron intake, non-heme iron is not absorbed as efficiently by the body compared to heme iron found in animal-based foods.
B. Ground beef: Ground beef is a rich source of heme iron, which is derived from animal hemoglobin and myoglobin. Heme iron is better absorbed by the human body than non-heme iron, making it particularly beneficial for pregnant clients who have increased iron needs to support fetal development and increased blood volume.
C. Kale: Kale contains non-heme iron, as it is a plant-based food. While it contributes to overall iron intake and is nutritionally valuable, the form of iron in kale is less readily absorbed by the body, especially in the absence of vitamin C, which enhances non-heme iron absorption.
D. Lima beans: Lima beans also provide non-heme iron, similar to other legumes and plant-based sources. Though they can support iron intake, they are not considered a source of heme iron and therefore do not offer the same absorption efficiency as animal-based options like meat.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Supplement your diet with 400 micrograms of folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects in fetal development and plays a role in red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis. However, it is not directly associated with the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.
B. "Adhere to a low-protein diet." A low-protein diet is not advisable for individuals at risk for osteoporosis. Adequate protein intake is necessary for bone matrix formation and maintenance of muscle mass, which supports skeletal strength. Extremely low protein can impair calcium absorption and negatively affect bone density, increasing fracture risk.
C. "Add more leafy greens to your diet." Leafy green vegetables such as kale, spinach, and broccoli are rich in calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K, all of which support bone health and help in maintaining bone density. These nutrients play a crucial role in bone remodeling and reducing the risk of fractures in individuals susceptible to osteoporosis.
D. "Increase your dietary fiber intake." While fiber is important for digestive health and reducing cholesterol, it does not have a significant direct effect on bone mineral density or osteoporosis prevention. Excessive fiber intake, especially from supplements, may even interfere with calcium absorption, making it less ideal for those at risk of osteoporosis.

A. Remove the solution from the refrigerator 1 hr before infusing. B. Increase the rate of the infusion as needed to keep it on schedule. C. Weigh the client every other day. D. Change the client's TPN catheter tubing every 72 hr. E. Infuse TPN through a central venous line.

Correct Answer is ["A","E"]

Explanation

A. Remove the solution from the refrigerator 1 hr before infusing: Allowing the TPN solution to warm to room temperature helps reduce the risk of vein irritation and discomfort. Cold solutions can cause venospasm or systemic reactions when infused into the bloodstream.
B. Increase the rate of the infusion as needed to keep it on schedule: TPN must be administered at a consistent prescribed rate. Increasing the rate without orders can lead to hyperglycemia, fluid overload, or metabolic complications. Any delays should be reported to the healthcare provider.
C. Weigh the client every other day: Daily weight monitoring is essential in TPN therapy to assess fluid balance and nutritional status. Weighing the client only every other day may delay the recognition of fluid overload or dehydration.
D. Change the client's TPN catheter tubing every 72 hr: TPN tubing should be changed every 24 hours to reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections. Extending beyond this time frame increases the likelihood of microbial contamination.
E. Infuse TPN through a central venous line: Due to its high glucose and osmolarity content, TPN must be administered via a central line to prevent phlebitis and allow for rapid, well-tolerated infusion. Peripheral administration is not suitable for long-term TPN.

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A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who is pregnant and requires an increase in dietary iron. Which of the following foods is a source of heme iron that the nurse should include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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